L. KONČAR, B. MITRAŠINOVIĆ and I. VUJIČIĆ
INHERITANCE OF MILK PROTEIN IN CROSSING OF BLACK AND WHITE CATTLE WITH HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN [Abstract]
Ž. BORZAN
STICKY CHROMOSOMES IN THE ENDOSPERM OF EUROPEAN BLACK PINE AND SCOTS PINE [Abstract]
B. DJURBABIĆ, M. VIDAKOVIĆ, D. KOLBAH and Ž. BORZAN
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROM THE POLLEN OF SOME INCOMPATIBLE PINE SPECIES [Abstract]
Carin EHRENBERG
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF CLONAL FORESTRY [Abstract]
P. DOKIĆ, S. STANAĆEV and D. STEFANOVIĆ
EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND POLYPLOIDY LEVEL ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF MONOGERM SUGAR BEET [Abstract]
I. MIHALJEV
A STUDY OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES [Abstract]
Ana BANINA
THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON HETEROCHROMATIN AND AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN INBRED LINES OF MAIZE [Abstract]
L. AVRAMOV, M. JOVANOVIĆ and M. RUŽEVIĆ
CITOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RED DRENAK VINE VARIETY [Abstract]
D. MARINKOVIĆ
POPULATION GENETIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL
EVOLUTION [Abstract]
J. MAC KEY
STRATEGIES OF RACE-SPECIFIC PHYTOPARASITISM AND ITS CONTROL BY PLANT BREEDING [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 131-137
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
INHERITANCE OF MILK PROTEIN IN CROSSING OF BLACK AND WHITE CATTLE WITH HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN
L. KONČAR, B. MITRAŠINOVIĆ and I. VUJIČIĆ
Poljoprivredni fakultet, 21000 Novi Sad
and PIK »Bečej«, 21220 Bečej, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Končar, L., Mitrašinović, B. i Vujičić, I. (1976): Inheritance of milk protein in crossing of black and white, cattle with Holstein-Friesian. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 131-137.
The aim of investigation is to study the possibility of improving the genetic basis of milk protein in a population of a black and white breed of cattle by crossing with a Holstein-Friesian breed. The amount of protein in milk is a function of protein content and the amount of milk and as a quantitative character it is to a great extent dependent on environmental factors. By the crossing of black and white cattle with Holstein-Friesian the amount of proteins in milk increased in the first calvers of F1 generation in relation to the black and white cattle, and this increase of proteins was caused by an increased amount of milk and not by the content of proteins.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 139-147
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
STICKY CHROMOSOMES IN THE ENDOSPERM OF EUROPEAN BLACK PINE AND SCOTS PINE
Ž. BORZAN
Department of Forest Genetics and Dendrology, Faculty of Forestry, 41001 Zagreb, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Borzan, Ž. (1977): Sticky chromosomes in the endosperm of European Black Pine and Scots Pine. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 139-147.
The endosperm of pines is suitable for cytological research because of its haploid character. During the study of the karyotypes of the European Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) the Scots Pine (P. sylvestris L.) and the Japanese Red Pine (P. densiflora S. et Z.) a connection between chromosomes resembling stickiness was discovered. In the paper the morphology of the phenomenon is described. The opinion is given that this interaction of non-homologous chromosomes is an expression of the differential activity of this physiologically highly active endosperm tissue in development.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 149-157
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOLUBLE PROTEINS EXTRACTED FROM THE POLLEN OF SOME INCOMPATIBLE PINE SPECIES
B. DJURBABIĆ1, M. VIDAKOVIĆ2, D. KOLBAH3 and Ž. BORZAN2
1PLIVA Pharmaceutical and Chemical Works, 41000 Zagreb,
2Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb, 41000 Zagreb
and
3Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 41000 Zagreb Yugoslavia
Abstract
Djurbabić, B., Vidaković, M., Kolbah, D. and Borzan, 2. (1977): Quantitative analysis of soluble proteins extracted from the pollen of some incompatible Pine species. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 149-157.
From the standpoint of the incompatibility of the European Black Pine (Pinus mgra Arn.) and the Scots Pine (P. sylvestris L.), and other species compatible to them - the Japanese Red Pine (P. dcnsiflora S. et Z.) - quantitatively the contents of soluble proteins in the extract of pollen of these species is analyzed. Results point to the difference an amount of proteins in the extract lyophilizate of dialyzed pollen of the European Black Pine (46 mg/g pollen) and the Scots Pine (61 mg/g pollen), while from the lyophilizate of the dialyzed extract of the pollen of the Japanese Red Pine 50 mg/g of pollen is received. The relative contents of the separated protein fractions points to the existence of a difference in the number, position and intensity of certain fractions for the species of pollen under investigation.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 159-171
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF CLONAL FORESTRY
Carin EHRENBERG
Department of Forest Genetics
The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract
Ehrenberg, C. (1977): Genetic consequences of clonal forestry. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 159-171.
In modern forestry the use of clones of Picea abies and even of Pinus sylvestris may become a reality in the near future. Synthetic populations (stands) will be constructed with carefully selected clones and designed to meet new demands from industry or to be planted on special sites. In this connection results obtained from the breeding and cultivation of poplars, of Cryptomeria and of Pinus radiata used as clones in forests in different parts of the world will be of great value.
The consequences of using clones on a large scale for regeneration of forest areas are discussed. Disadvantageous is the great reduction of the genetic variation in the material to be planted. This means less adaptability of species, populations and individuals to changes in the environment and therefore less survival capability. It also means reduced possibilities to make full use of all ecological niches of a large forest area, less resistance to pests and less tolerance to new methods in forest management. The advantages on the other hand are several and perhaps of greater weight. Superior genotypes may be selected at every breeding level, masspropagated vegetatively and used in a short time. Clone mixtures may be constructed particularly for difficult sites or climates. Genetic gain may be obtained rapidly by selection of the best individuals of the best families in a breeding program and masspropagated. Multiclonal stands should be more uniform in form and growth than natural forests or plantations. The effect of topophysis may be used for special purposes. Valuable mutants, polyploids and hybrids may be propagated and included in clone mixtures.
New traits will have to be taken into account when selecting for clonal forestry. Good rooting ability of a clone will be given high priority and orthotrop development of young clone plants of for instance Norway spruce will become important.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 173-183
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
EFFECT OF GENOTYPE AND POLYPLOIDY LEVEL ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF MONOGERM SUGAR BEET
P. DOKIĆ, S. STANAĆEV and D. STEFANOVIĆ
Poljoprivredni fakultet, 21000 Novi Sad, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Dokić, P., Stanaćev, S. and Stefanović, D. (1977): Effect of genotype and polyploidy level on some morphological and biological characters of monogerm sugar beet. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 173-183.
Three different genotypes of monogerm sugar beet at diploid and tetraploid levels were examined for some morphological characters (leaf length and width, number of leaves, root length and diameter) and cell sap concentration in leaves and roots.
The examination of the above characters were performed during the summer, when sugar beet grown in Vojvodina has the most intensive growth of vegetative parts and when all physiological and biochemical processes in sugar beet are most intensive.
Detailed examinations of the effect of ploidy level on the expression of the studied characters at different stages of sugar beet growth were also performed.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 185-192
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
A STUDY OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC COMBINING ABILITY OF DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES
I. MIHALJEV
Poljoprivredni fakultet, 21000 Novi Sad, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Mihaljev, I. (1977): A study of general and specific combining ability of different wheat genotypes. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 185-192.
The study was aimed to estimate the general and specific combining ability of diallely crossed eight wheat varieties for four characters: kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike, 1000 kernels weight and grain yield per plot.
Combining ability analyses by G r i f f i n g's (1956) method 2, model 1 showed that effects of general combining ability were highly significant for all characters studied, while specific combining ability was significant only for 1000 kernels weight and kernels weight per spike. This suggests that the major portion of total genetic variation was additive in nature.
The importance of the results obtained for wheat breeding is discussed.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 193-203
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
THE EFFECT OF INBREEDING ON HETEROCHROMATIN AND AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN INBRED LINES OF MAIZE
Ana BANINA
Instilut za bioloska istrazivanja, Odelenje za genctiku, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Banina, A. (1977): The effect of inbreeding on heterochromatin and amino acid content in inbred lines of maize. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 193-203.
Qualitative and quantitative analyses were made for 17 ami-110 acids content at inbred lines of maize. We detected a variation in amino acids content between the investigated lines. Supposedly homozygous lines, after different timing of inbreeding, differ in Ihe amount of amino acids in the seed. Thus biochemical analyses may become more useful as techniques in the identification and isolation of genotypes in basic genetic and cytogenetic studies.
We also investigated correlation between the amount of heterochromatin and amino acids content. Four amino acids, histidin, arginin, valin and phenilalanin were highly correlated with the amount of heterochromatin.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 205-220
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
CITOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RED DRENAK VINE VARIETY
L. AVRAMOV, M. JOVANOVIĆ and M. RUŽEVIĆ
Institut za hortikulturu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, 11080 Zemun
and
VVOS »Radmilovac« - Centar za vinogradarstvo i vinarstvo Vinča, 11307 Boleč, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Avramov. L., Jovanović, M. and Ružević, M. (1977): Citogenetic characteristics of Red Drenak vine variety. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 205-220.
For these investigations autochtonous variety the Red Drenak vine, with a feminine flower type was used, while for the control the Prokupac variety with hermaphrodite flower type was used.
In order to find out the reason for sterility of the male gamethophite in the Red Drenak variety citogenetic properties were studied: frequency of conjugation of polivalent chromosomes, frequency of abnormal mother cells with retained chromosomes, tetrads formation, size and representation of certain shapes of pollen grains, as well as pollen germination.
The studied citogenetic properties of the Red Drenak and Prokupac varieties are not sufficient to explain the reason for pollen sterility of the Red Drenak variety. Therefore, for the clarification of this phenomenon it is necessary to go on with the study of microsporogenesis up to the definite pollen formation, including citochemical and other studies as well.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 221-236
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
POPULATION GENETIC APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL
EVOLUTION
D. MARINKOVIĆ
Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Marinković, D- (1976): Population-genetic approach to the study of biochemical evolution. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 221-236.
Biochemical methods are very important means to quantify the evolutionary changes which occur in different organisms. The comparisons of DNA contents and of the sequences of nucleotidcs, the ability of hybridization of DNA's originated from different organisms, the analyses of protein structure, as well as the immunological studies, are only some of the numerous biochemical approaches which are used by different authors to estimate the evolutionary divergence between two species, genera, families, or higher taxonomic categories.
Reviewing the use of these methods, this paper emphasizes the importance of the studies of protein-enzyme variations in different organisms.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.2 (1977), pp. 237-255
© 1977 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
STRATEGIES OF RACE-SPECIFIC PHYTOPARASITISM AND ITS CONTROL BY PLANT BREEDING
J. MAC KEY
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Agricultural College of Sweden, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Abstract
Mac Key, J. (!977): Strategies of race-specific phytoparasitism and its control by plant breeding. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 2, 237-255.
In a race-specific gene-for-gene host:pathogen interrelation, genes of resistance are identified by genes of virulence and vice versa. Separated, genes of resistance can thus be used to analyse the virulence pattern of a parasite population and to understand the strategy developed by the pathogen. Using mainly the Avena Puccinia graminis system and the different conditions in the United States and in Sweden, it is shown that different qualifications for reproduction of the parasite may change the adaptability pattern of virulence from a balanced polymorphism to an apparently unnecessary accumulation. In the former case, breeding strategies for the host crop based on genie diversification (multi-line varieties, etc.) should be effective. In the latter case genie combination is to be recommended. It is shown that a gene for virulence may have supporting functions to others, which complicates the gene-for-gene interrelation, and proofs are given that evolutionary preparedness may be just as important as flexibility through mutation in the adaptive pattern of an obligate parasite. A well-planned breeding programme for race-specific resistance should be based on an isogenic set holding all identified genes of resistance one by one to be used first for detecting the actual strategy of the pathogen and secondly for supplying the proper genes to be used in the most efficient way.