(1) The new progenies do not develop on the basis of random combinations of parental genes, but rather on different combinations of specific developmental programs;

(2) Enormous variability of prospective genotypes has to be drastically reduced to adaptive combinations of genes which provide appropriate metabolic pathways, and which may present the real targets and units of natural selection.

Among 400 individually analysed Drosophila melanogaster flies for nine polymorphic gene-enzyme systems involved in a sugar-phosphorus metabolic circle, a total of 160 different genotypes have been determined, out of 78000 theoretically possible combinations. A real estimate is that no more than 200-220 genotypes may exist in such a multygenic system, in populations with more than 1500-2000 individuals. This means that adaptive variation could be very much limited.

The sources, qualities and limits of such adaptive variation could be the main topic of investigation in future population-genetic studies.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

POPULATION STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIES Aedes caspius (Pallas, 1771) AND Aedes dorsalis (Meigen, 1830) (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)

Vesna Milankov and Ljiljana Vapa

Institute of Biology, Faculty of Science, Novi Sad

Taxonomy of the group Dorsalis together with certain other taxa of family Culicidae is still a matter of disagreement. A controversy has especially persisted regarding the taxonomic status of a Holoarctic species Aedes dorsalis due to the unclear relationship with the Palearctic species Ae. caspius. Allopatric species of Aedes dorsalis originating from California, Salton Sea and Yugoslavia (Rusanda, Zrenjanin), as well as a population of Ae. caspius sympatric to the Yugoslav population Ae. dorsalis were electrophoretically analyzed. The method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used in the analysis of allozymic variability of nine loci: Me-2, Gpi, Gpd, Idh-2, Had, Odh, Pgm, Est-1 and Est-6. Genetic variability of the species Ae. caspius calculated on the basis of polymorphic loci (P) was 89%, with 3.78 as the mean number of alleles per locus and 0.33 as expected mean heterozygosity (H). Statistical analysis of electromorph frequency showed that Palearctic population of the species Ae. dorsalis was more variable than the Holoarctic population. Palearctic population was polymorphic at 77% of loci, had a mean number of 3.56 alleles per locus and a mean heterozygosity of 0.37, while the respective values in the Holarctic population were 33%; 1.78 and 0.06.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

SEX-RATIO IN NATURAL POPULATION OF D. subobscura

Tatjana Terzić¹, Marko Anđelković^2,1 and Marina Stamenkovic-Radak^2,1

¹Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade

²Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade

Sex-ratio (proportion of males) in a species is related to a not entirely explained mechanism of sex determination. Many species, independently of their system of sex-determination, have an equal proportion of individuals of both sexes. If sex is determined by sex chromosomes then the proportion of males is controlled through sex chromosome segregation in the heterogametic sex meiosis (usually male). In a diploid species, sex-ratio is primarily determined by the gene balance in different combinations of sex chromosomes, which results in the existence of two sexes. In Drosophila, sex is determined by the proportion of X-chromosomes vs. autosomes.

A decrease in the proportion of males vs. females, known as sex-ratio, is characteristic to several Drosophila species. It is often related to the inversions on sex-chromosomes. In D.subobscura a correlation is clearly observed between the inversions on sex chromosome and a decrease in the frequency of male offspring.

The present work analyses the number of progeny of females and males from the natural D. subobscura population collected at the Goc" mountain (Serbia). Females from the field laid eggs till the end of their life, while wild males were crossed to females from the laboratory population. Females from the wild and laboratory populations are morphologically analyzed for the presence or absence of ovaries and male gametes in spermateacea, to exclude the causes of total sterility. The proportions of sexes in the progenies from all crosses are scored

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

THE INFLUENCE OF V; CN MUTATIONS ON HERITABILITY OF SOME FEATURES OF Drosophila melanogaster

Snežana Stanić

Science Faculty, Kragujevac

Mating of Drosophila melanogaster is a consequence of many connected activites and features and it involves a synchronized activity of the both sexes. It has been determined that some components of mating success are influenced by mutations in genes that determine the eye colour such as: white, vermilion, cinnabar. These examples show that mutations may be very important for the study of physiological features. One of the parameters of mating success is mating speed, which heritability can be calculated. By comparison of the inbreed and non-inbreed lines, the influence of mutations v (chromosome I) and cn (chromosome II) on heritability of this fitness component has been studied. The studies in the field of quantitative genetics of Drosophila have shown that body size is positively correlated with mating success. Some types of assortative coupling of these individuals have also been found. For this reason, the average wing length of coupled and uncoupled males in all the lines have been compared. Significant differences among the male competitors have been found in the outbreeding line. The obtained differences in heritability of these two features (the mating speed and the length of wings) between the wild type and the carrier of v; en mutations Drosophila melanogaster are interpreted as a consequence of pleiotropic influence of these genes.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

VARIABILITY OF AMY LOCUS IN D. subobscura AND THE PHENOMENON OF DENSITY AND FREQUENCY DEPENDENT SELECTION

Marko Anđelković^1,2, Mirjana Milanović² and Tatjana Terzić²

¹Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade

²Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade

Various mechanisms that maintain a high degree of genetic polymorphism in natural populations permanently represent a topic for debates in population biology. Among evolutionary factors that may act at certain life history stages are different modes of selection. When the long-term maintaining of genetic variability is considered, a special role belongs to balance selection, as a complex phenomenon. The types of balance selection that depend on density and/or frequency may be the basis of many events in dynamics gene pool.

Relatively abundant genetic variability of Amy locus in D. subobscura represents a suitable model-system for studying the density and/or frequency dependent selection in population-genetic experiments. Well-known biochemical and physiological properties of alpha-amylase and its clearly defined substrate, provide opportunities for analysis of the effects of the types of balance selection mentioned, in the presence of certain Amy genotypes, in relation to defined relevant environmental factors. In multifactorial experimental conditions the existence of these phenomena is registered in the high degree of their complexity.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

GENETIC LOAD AND O-CHROMOSOME INVERSION TYPES IN TWO D. subobscura

POPULATIONS

Goran Živanović¹, Marko Anđelković^1,2 and Mirjana Milanović¹

¹Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade

²Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade

The associations among various kinds of genetic polymorphism and the mechanisms of their synchronized dynamics in populations are sparsely known. In this paper, investigations are done on the inversion polymorphism and the genetic load associated with gene loci of 0-chromosome in two D. subobscura populations. The range of the inversion polymorphism and the abundance of certain gene arrangements of 0-chromosome in the populations analyzed mostly agree with the documented distribution of this kind of chromosomal variability for this species in Europe. The data obtained on the extent of genetic loads and particularly on the frequency of lethals and semilethals, show that a characteristic of the analyzed populations is a moderate level of this type of genetic polymorphism compared to other populations of this species studied so far. Regarding the association between inversion and gene polymorphism in the form of genetic loads, our results show that differences exist in the average viability between O-chromosome inversion types. That is particularly reflected in the unequal distribution of particular viability classes between O-chromosome inversion types. In the population from Petnica the class of supervitals is significantly more frequent in gene arrangement O₃₊₄₊₁, while in the population from Kamarište, inversion type O_ST is characterized by a significantly higher frequency of lethals. The observed interpopulation differences for coadaptive gene systems may result from various independent events during the population evolution.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

ASSOCIATIONS OF Amy LOCUS ALLELES AND E-CHROMOSOME INVERSION TYPES WITHIN TWO NATURAL POPULATIONS OF Drosophila subobscura

Vuk Savković¹, Goran Živanović², Mirjana Milanović² and Marko Anđelkovic^1,2

¹Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade

²Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade

Existence of non-random entities within genetic polymorphism in natural populations of organisms stands among real phenomena in population genetics. Research actuality in the studies of this phenomenon relies on the fact that different events in evolution of the population can cause the occurrence of "linkage disequilibrium", while, on the other hand, the new associations present a possibility for the future events in the gene pool dynamics.

Associations of inversion polymorphism elements and the gene loci alleles within or outside inverted regions add an extra dimension to the complexity of the above-mentioned phenomenon of linkage disequilibrium. This research deals with the extent of presence of random and non-random associations between the Amy locus allele and the E-chromosome inversion types in Drosophila subobscura. Analysis has covered two populations, each different in genetic structure, observing the level of given sorts of genetic polymorphism.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

GENOMIC STRESS AS THE CAUSE OF DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY IN Drosophila subobscura POPULATION

Marina Stamenković-Radak^1,2, Ana Janićijević¹, Goran Živanović² and Marko Anđelković^1,2

¹Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade
²Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade

Morphological characters that are variable within a species tend to have different levels of developmental instability when exposed to either internal (genomic), or external (environmental) stress. Such influence could be measured by the degree of deviation from the symmetry for the phenotypic characters that show bilateral symmetry as a rule. Fluctuating asymmetry has been used as an indicator of the ability of individuals to cope with genetic and environmental stress. In this paper, the progeny of D. subobscura lines homozygous and heterozygous for different gene arrangements of O-chromosome is analyzed for the symmetry between two wings. The effect of homozygosity in the substantial part of the genome in homozygous lines and reduction in recombination in heterozygote combinations is studied using fluctuating asymmetry of the wing size as a parameter. The agreement of the results of estimated, heritability for developmental stability obtained in this experiment with the results obtained so far is discussed.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

CHARACTERISTICS, METHODS OF ESTABLISHING AND REALIZATION OF PREDICTION OF GENETIC INFORMATION IN THE REPRODUCTION OF

INDIVIDUALS

Boro P. Pavlović

Faculty of Science, Banja Luka

It is generally accepted that living systems are characterized by the capacity of reproduction. Based on this viewpoint, the criterion of full realization of the living system at the level of ontos (living being, individual) is the realization of reproduction of the system. The question is to what degree the genetic information predicts the realization of reproduction through generations. The quantified (for the level of the system) standpoint can be multiply confirmed, but the majority of initiated ontos within the living world does not reproduce. Average capacity of genetic information to predict reproduction (P) is inversely proportionate to the potential of reproduction in the conditions of stable population. The number of individuals (N) originating from an individual, through generations is an exponential function of the number of direct progeny (m) and generations of individuals (j):N_J=m^J. Therefore: P_j= l/m^J .Thus for example an organism which, based on its genetic information, ends its life cycle by leaving two direct descendants (in demos, whose number of fully realized individuals is unchanged from generation to generation), after ten generations, on the average, would predict its reproduction with probability less than one promille. Consequently, genetic information of an individual has/had, within the so far realized bios, a markedly low ability to predict reproduction. However, the range of reproduction of the concrete ancestral individual through generations of descendants goes from N_(J=0,m=0)=0 (absent reproduction of the ancestral individual) to N.-m^J (fully realized reproduction,, potential), but the greatest Nj cannot exceed the carrying capacity of the population (which refers to the number of full realizations of ontos).

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

HOW SELFISH ARE TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS?

Nikolaj Junakovic

Centre Acidi Nucleic! C.N.R., Dip. Genetica e Biol. Mol., Univ. "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy

Transposable elements (TEs) represent a substantial fraction of the genome of all eukaryotes; they are organized in families of elements dispersed throughout the genome. The coding potential of these elements appears to be limited to their own transposition. The only known relation to the genetic activity of the host is the ability of TEs to give rise to mutations upon transposition. The question then arises as to what forces are responsible for the ubiquity in evolution and persistence of these elements.

Initially it has been hypothesized that TEs could confer selective advantage by promoting genetic variability and evolutionary adaptation to changing environment (Cell 16, 739, 1979). Shortly after, it has been suggested that TEs may in fact represent a "selfish" or "parasitic" fraction of the genome. Their ubiquity in evolution would only rest on their ability to replicate more efficiently than the host genome and their presence would be neutral or deleterious to their hosts (Nature, 284, 601, 1980).

The parameters that have been put forward to distinguish between these two interpretations include i) phylogenetic distribution of TEs, ii) the euchromatic and heterochromatic location, particularly in the model system Drosophila, iii) fixed sites and iv) rates of transposition.

The experimental evidence available related to these parameters shall be reviewed and discussed.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

PCR (POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION)

Stanka Romac*, Biljana Čuljković, Slobodanka Vukosavić, Oliver Stojković

*Faculty of Biology

Institute for biological Research, University of Belgrade

PCR is quite new and revolutionary method for which Kary Mullis won a Nobel Prize in 1993. This method opens up completely new fields in fundamental research and is becoming the most important method in medical diagnosis, agriculture, animal medicine, forensic science, archaeology, molecular palaeontology etc. Although molecular cloning is still indispensable to modern molecular biological research, the use of PCR offers a faster and more convenient method of amplifying a specific DNA segments. PCR mimics the process of DNA replication offering the amplification of a target DNA sequence up to billion folds in a very short period of time. Results are further easily analyzed.

In medical diagnostics PCR is used for quick diagnosis of infectious diseases and for detection of mutations in specific genes leading to various diseases. The fact that PCR requires extremely small amount of starting material (DNA from a single cell is usually sufficient) makes this method indispensable for prenatal and preinplantive diagnosis. Aside from forensic science, agriculture, animal medicine this method has an important application in the study of evolution at the molecular level. The isolation of DNA from fossils, subfossil remains etc. and further amplification and analysis of genes of interest enables molecular reconstruction of the past.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

STRUGGLE TO MEASURE VARIATION: OUR MOLECULAR WEAPONRY

Oliver Stojković, B. Čuljković, S. Vukosavić, and S. Romac*

Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade
*Faculty of Biology, Belgrade

Although population and transmission genetics are ultimately trying to explain the nature and transmission pattern of continuously varying "quantitative" traits, they both heavily depend on the discrete "qualitative" data. The history of genetics is the history of the struggle to develop suitable experimental techniques for measuring genetic variation - the variation of the base sequences in DNA molecule. Over the past 130 years, since Mendel's classical experiments on flower and seed colour variants of pea, large amount of data of discrete characters, that range from morphological traits to protein and DNA sequences has been collected. Techniques based on electrophoretic detection of variants of soluble proteins flooded us in 1970s with allozyme data. In 1980s, restriction analysis and Southern blotting allowed us to study polymorphisms of DNA molecule, both within and outside the coding regions. Last decade of the century will be remembered by the discovery of the PCR method, our new powerful tool for investigation of genetic diversity, both within and between species. Several PCR based approaches for detection of genetic variability will be presented and briefly discussed, as well as its general and specific use in contemporary genetics.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

IMPORTANCE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN POPULATION GENETICS STUDIES

Nikola Tanić and Mladen Vujošević

Institute of Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade

The most accurate data about genetic structure of population could be revealed by DNA sequencing. But, as it is long, hardworking and expensive method it's very unlikely somebody would use it for this kind of studies. Much more economical and simple techniques are in use. An important and widely explored method for studying genetic variability in natural populations is electrophoresis of proteins, or the separation of charged proteins (enzymes) in an electric field. Indirectness, as well as inability to detect most of genetically determined amino acid replacements are most important disadvantages and limitations of this method. Introduction of more sensitive techniques, like RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and RAPD-PCR (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), in population genetics studies gave us an opportunity to detect genetic variability directly in DNA molecule. Main advantages of these methods are: 1. preciseness and efficiency, 2. suitability for work on anonymous genomes, 3. applicability to problems where only limited quantities of DNA are available. For the very precise detection of polymorphism inside short DNA sequences (300bp - 400bp), SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) and heteroduplex analysis could be used. The only problems with these methods are high expense and impossibility to work with long sequences. Some of these methods will be presented through analysis of B-chromosomes in population of yellow necked wood mice Apodemus flavicollis (Rodentia, Mammalia).

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

ANALYSIS OF SPONTANEOUS MUTATION RATE IN Escherichia coll K12 TESTER STRAINS FOR DETECTION OF BIOANTIMUTAGENS

BrankaVuković-Gačić, Jelena Knežević-Vukčević, Dragana Mitić, Zoran Gačić¹, Draga Simić

Chair of Microbiology, Botanical Institute and Garden "Jevremovac", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade

¹Centre for Multidisciplinary Studies, Belgrade

Rapid detection of bioantimutagens (agents modulating DNA repair and replication) requires sensitive and reproducible test systems. A short-term bacterial test system detecting reduction of spontaneous mutations due to increased fidelity of DNA replication was constructed using mutator mutants of E. coli K12 deficient in mismatch repair (mutH, mutL, mutS and uvrD). This approach has two advantages:

1) due to 10-1000 fold increase of spontaneous mutagcnesis compared to wild type the sensitivity of the test is increased,

2) possible chemical interaction between mutagen and antimutagen is avoided, excluding detection of desmutagenic agents.

In two isogenic sets of E. coli K12 mutator mutants spontaneous mutagenesis on two genetic loci was followed by scoring Rif^S-Rif^R mutations and argE3→Arg⁺ reversions. Statistical analysis of the data obtained with mutator mutants and wild type shows that reversion of auxotrofic marker is more reproducible and thus more reliable for screening.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

DIVERSITY OF RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM BV. VICIAE STRAINS ON DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN SERBIA

Tatjana Čorić¹ Dragana Jošić², Kosana Konstantinov¹, Bogić Miličić²

¹Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Zemun - Beograd

²Institute for Soil Science, Beograd

Soil bacteria Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae specifically interact with pea (Pisum sativum) in the symbiosis that provides for the nitrogen requirements of the plant. Symbiotic effectiveness has been shown to vary among soil populations of Rhizobia. Since nitrogen is usually the limiting nutrient factor in soil, it is of great practical importance to assess the biological diversity of Rhizobia on different locations and determine the effectiveness of different strains.

Eight Rhizobium leguminosanim bv. viciae strains from the collection of the Institute for Soil Science were evaluated for plasmid profile and for symbiotic effectiveness with the host.

Total N content of the grains was estimated for each strain and the values thus obtained were used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the strains. One strain was found ineffective, although it induced nodule formation (Nod⁺Tix¯. The other seven showed different effectiveness in the symbiosis with the host.

Plasmid of different strains were visualised following electrophoresis on agarose gels. The relative mobility of the bands corresponded to plasmids with MW of about 150 MD and greater. The majority of strains normally produced several plasmid bands that differed in MW.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

POPULATION STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST TREE SEED ORCHARDS

Vasilije Isajev, Aleksandar Tucović and Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić

Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

This paper presents population structure and characteristics of seed orchards in Serbia: clonal (Serbian spruce, Austrian pine, Weymouth pine, and beech) and generative (Serbian spruce, Austrian pine). Clonal seed orchards include from 13 to 40 hetero-vegetatively reproduced clones in 5 repetitions, and generative ones - 40 to 50 half-sib lines with 5,000 genotypes. Clonal seed orchards are established on assumed panmixis. A generative orchard of Serbian spruce was established to provide three types of reproduction: inbreeding, outbreeding, and uniparental, and Austrian pine - on genetic-ecological principles, i.e. metapopulation orchard structure. Metapopulation structure should provide the function of the so-called recombination system.

Forest tree seed orchards are specialized populations for the production of seed with improved hereditary properties. The programs of establishment and utilization of generative seed orchards of Serbian spruce and Austrian pine incorporate: (a) changes in population structure compared to clonal orchards, and (b) specificities and mosaic pattern of site conditions in space and time. In seed orchards, as spatially isolated populations ("factories of quality forest seed"), the number of sub-populations, repetitions, and the number of genotypes create the conditions for the function of recombination system. This system is a balance of genetic and ecological factors which are key parameters in the determination of the level of genetic variability and function of seed orchards.

The reviewed seed orchards, as pilot seed sources, contribute to the enhancement of the conversion of potential genetic variability into free variability, as the basis of directed utilization of tree gene pool, both of newly-established and of ancestral, initial populations.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

SIGNIFICANCE OF INTER-PROVENANCE VARIABILITY OF SPRUCE (Picea abies /L/ Karst) IN THE SAMPLE PLOT NEAR IVANJICA

Mirjana Šijaičić-Nikolić, Vasilije Isajev and Milan Mataruga

Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

This paper presents the results of the analysis of several quantitative properties: height, height increment, diameter, diameter increment, number of whorls, number of branches and crown width for 2,500 genotypes 4 to 6 years old. The main objective of this research was to study the differential properties and variability of spruces from 8 provenances: Golija, Radočelo, Čemerno, Kopaonik, Zlatar, Menina, Mašun, and Jelovica, in the part of its natural range in south-east Europe. In addition, the research aimed at the study of productive capacity of the particular provenances in the juvenile stage of development, in more or less similar or different ecological conditions. This research provided the first information on the characteristics and variability intra- and inter- selected provenances, on sample plots in Serbia.

Based on the analysis of variance, it can be concluded that there is not a statistically significant difference between the provenances for almost all properties, except for diameter and diameter increment. In the researched sites, mean values of analyzed properties do not differ significantly at the age of four, which is the consequence of uniform site conditions in the pilot nursery, where the seedlings developed till the moment of transplantation in the forest. With age, the effect of site on seedling development became fully expressed so that at the ages of 5 and 6, mean values for the analyzed properties were significantly different as per localities, which is also observed in the interaction provenance x locality.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

EFFECT OF GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES OF DOUGLAS FIR POPULATIONS ON HEIGHT INCREMENT OF PROVENANCE ON SITES IN SERBIA

Vera Lavadinović¹, Vasilije Isajev² and Miloš Koprivica¹

¹Institut for Forestry, Belgrade

²Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

An experimental plot on Mt. Juhor was designed to test genetic potential and classification of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii /Mirb./ Franco) provenances, as the basis of its enhanced introduction to the sites of Serbia.

This paper presents the results of comparative research on the effect of latitude, longitude and altitude of sites of the provenance on height increment of plants in the experimental plot.

The results are significant for the selection of provenances for the establishment of plantations of the second end successive generations.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION IN PICEA OMORIKA: INFERENCES FROM GENETIC AND SELECTIVE CORRELATIONS

Biljana Ranković and Branka Tucić

Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade

In this study we integrated quantitative genetics and adaptive significance of trait variation to reveal genetic architecture (genetic variation / covariation structure) and to explore mechanisms promoting population divergence in Picea omorika. Ten metric traits representing all aspects of seedling morphology were individually scored and subject to quantitative-genetic analyses. Our results indicate that there is appreciable genetic component to phenotypic variation within and among natural populations of Picea omorika. The sign and magnitude of selection coefficients appeared to be trait-specific and unstable across populations. The patterns of covariation between juvenile traits at various levels in the genetic hierarchy (e.g. families, populations) were discussed in the light of "genetic constraint" and "adaptive divergence" theoretical models.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

EFFECTS OF SMALL POPULATIONS ON THE VARIABILITY OF SEED AND HALF-SIB PROGENY OF HIMALAYAN PINE

Biljana Nikolić¹ and Vasilije Isajev²

¹Institute of Forestry, Belgrade

²Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

The research includes three populations in Belgrade, with 80 genotypes. From the selected test-trees, the seed was harvested, processed and germinated in the laboratory. The progeny of each test-tree represents a special half-sib line. The paper presents the results of germination dynamics analysis of seed from two harvests and the most important morphometric characteristics of half-sib lines in the early stage of post-embryonic development, when the genetic variability of the progeny is generally high, and the impacts of smaller populations are very pronounced. Average values of germination energy and technical germination percentage were low (25% and 32% respectively) without greater differences between populations and harvest years. High percentage of shrivelled seed (above 50%) can be the consequence of the flowering specificity of these small populations. The clear differentiation of extreme half-sib lines according to the values of statistic parameters of the measured seedling characteristics points to the specificity of population genetic structure. The analysis of half-sib and full-sib progeny characteristics in this phase and in subsequent stages of development is a contribution to a more detailed study of these populations. This is the basis of further introduction of Himalayan pine in Serbia for the purposes of forestry and landscape architecture.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

VARIABILITY OF CLONES OF EASTERN COTTONWOOD (Populus deltoides BATR.) AND ITS HYBRID WITH EURAMERICAN POPLAR (Populis x euramericana DODE)

Branislav Kovačević¹, Vojislav Guzina¹, Saša Orlović¹ and Marija Kraljević-Balalić²

¹Poplar Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad

²Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad

Variability of the group of 16 eastern cottonwood clones and 4 clones from hybrid combination P. deltoides x euramericana at the base of 23 measured and derived morphometric parameters of rooted cuttings leaves. According to coefficients of variation and heritability in broad sense examined genotypes differed mostly in derived parameters. The highest heritability had parameters of leaf shape (>60%). Some ways of data standardization were evaluated for principal component analysis and cluster analysis, multi variate methods that are widely used in population studies. By using the standardization methods that preserve information of variation within genotypes and covariate matrix, correlation between distances formed just on standardized data and distances based on the scores of first three principal components formed at the base of that standardized data was stronger. That was not the same for cluster analysis. However, we suggest the application of the previously mentioned standardization methods. These results are important because in cluster analysis data is usually standardized buy using the standard deviation of genotype means and principal component analysis is usually performed on correlation matrix. By that way, differences among used parameters in influence of genotype as a source of variation is lost.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

BISEXUAL AND UNISEXUAL TREES AND THE SYSTEM OF REPRODUCTION OF

AMUR MAPLE (ACER GINNALA MAXXIM.) IN BELGRADE

Vasilije Isajev, Aleksandar Tucović and Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić

Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

The results of comparative analyses of three populations of Amur maple raised on the sites of Quercetum frainetto-cerris have been presented. The data of measured properties point to a good growth, abundant yield, health condition and adaptability, properties which are also characteristic of natural sites of this species. This paper records the occurrence of sexual polymorphism, i.e. simultaneous presence of bisexual "female" and unisexual "male" trees, ratio 85.7% : 14.3%. Polymorphism is a transition stage from bisexuality, which characterized the majority of species of the genus, to unisexuality which characterizes few maples (Acer negundo L. and A. californicum T. et Gr.) as dioecious species.

The sexual differences of inflorescences and trees of Amur maple lead to an increased diversity of pollination, i.e. to ±variations in genetic structures of successive generations. The leading place in the formation of potential and free variability belongs to the balance of genetic and environmental factors, i.e. recombination system. It is evident that the practical aspect of this dependence, starting from specificities of the system of reproduction, enables further transformation - breeding of this species in our country.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

FREQUENCY OF COTYLEDON NUMBERS IN FIR SEEDLINGS ON OGORJEVAC

AND GOLIJA

Boro P. Pavlović, Vlado Čokeša

Institute of Forestry, Belgrade

Fir, Abies alba, has four to eight, i.e. most frequently five cotyledons. On the mountain Ogorjevac, along with common fir, there occurs also its fastigiate variety. In its progeny, which probably originates from a fastigiate mother, a smaller number of individuals shows the characteristics of the fastigiate variety, to various extent. In the analyzed stand on Golija, the fastigiate fir variety is absent. We researched if there were any differences between populations regarding the number of cotyledons. In both populations, seedlings with five cotyledons were dominant. The range of cotyledon numbers in the seedlings on Ogorijevac was 4 to 7, and on Golija the lower limit of cotyledon number was not precisely determined (there were individuals with shed cotyledons). The following group on Ogorijevac consisted of individuals with 6 cotyledons, and on Golija 96 with 4 cotyledons. Individuals with 8 cotyledons were not recorded in the samples of the analyzed populations. The data show that there are variations in the spatial arrangement of individuals with different numbers of cotyledons, which could be related to mother trees.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

PHENOTVPIC PLASTICITY AND REACTION NORMS: CONSENSUS AND

CONTROVERSY

Branka Tucić

Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade

Phenotypic plasticity refers to the ability of a single genotype to produce alternative phenotypes in alternative environments and is assumed to provide a mechanism that constitutes individual adaptation to environmental heterogeneity. The totality of phenotypes produced by a genotype over a range of environments is denoted as the reaction norm. In spite of widespread agreements concerning descriptions of the phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity, as well as the fact that adaptive plasticity can evolve under natural selection, there is still controversy in the plasticity literature about the three points: the meaning of the term trait, the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity and the object of natural selection. Therefore, in this lecture an attempt was made to introduce the contrasting opinions concerning evolution ("character state" vs. "reaction norms" models) and genetic mechanisms controlling phenotypic plasticity ("allelic sensitivity" vs. "regulatory plasticity"), as well as to emphasize the evolutionary implications of phenotypic plasticity as an adaptive property in plants and animals.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF WING SIZE ACROSS TEMPERATURES WITHIN AND BETWEEN TWO Drosophila subobscura POPULATIONS

Marina Stamenković-Radak¹-², Tatjana Terzić¹ and Marko Anđelković²

¹Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade

²Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research, Belgrade

Changes in temperature as an environmental factor can impose stress in organisms and disturbance of the normal functioning of a biological system. This causes variations in phenotypic performances at different levels (morphological, physiological, behavioural). The ability to respond to environmental change is genetically based, and the capacity to evolve is under natural selection. Genetic variance components change with stress levels and many factors contribute to that.

The wing length in Insects has been a favourable morphometric character to use in genetic studies of the reaction norms. Populations of Drosophila species inhabit different environments and each can experience temporal changes in its own environment. Drosophila populations with various genetic constitution respond differently to environmental change. In this paper, two D. subobscura natural populations, from two distant and ecologically different localities are analyzed for the plasticity of response of the wing length at three temperatures. The results of ANOVA indicate the significance of the effect of genotype, sex and temperature and their interactions as sources of intra- and inter population variability for the plasticity of the wing length.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

RELATIONSHIP OF AVERAGE VOLUME AND WEIGHT OF CONCHS IN EOBANIA VERMICULATA (MUELLER) 1774 POPULATIONS

Nevenka Pavlović

Faculty of Science, Banja Luka

The data on arithmetical means of conch volume (V) and weight (T) in 77 samples of E.vermicidata population taken in the zone of middle Adriatic coast and islands were analyzed. Index V/T varies between 28.018 (population Tajan) and 55.963 cg/cm³ (population Kamen). Linear correlation r_(V,T)=0.7554 is highly significant, as well as the correlation of ranks ρ_(V,T)=0,7762. Volume regression per weight, V=1.5355T+2.1582, explains 56.48% of the variations of average volumes, and weight regression per volume, T=0.3716V+0.0249, explains 56.51% of the variations of average weights of conchs in the observed populations. The analysis of dispersion (V,T) on the diagram points to different forms of relationship between populations united on the basis of historical-geographical criteria. The determination of parameters of linear regression indicates the specificity of the relation in the group of populations external islands (V=1.1884 T+2.3184), transitory characteristics are in the group of populations internal islands (V=1.3686T+K2.6245), and lead to the group of populations continent (V=1.1045T+3.23S6). More detailed divisions of populations, based on the same criteria, indicate even more the specificity of the relations in some population groups.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

VARIABLE PROPERTIES OF AILANTHUS SEEDLING ROOT DEPENDING ON HALF-SIB LINE FOUNDER

Aleksandar Tucović, Vasilije Isajev, Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić and Milan Mataruga

Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade

Comparative analysis of ailanthus seedling root system, based on 10 half-sib lines, shows that root properties are both genetically controlled and ecologically controlled. The vigorous development of seedling root from the earliest youth corresponds to the high heterozigosity of lines originating from the populations, and the weaker growth and vitality of root is in correlation with low heterozigosity of lines originating from individual, spatially isolated trees.

Half-sib lines raised from populations, due to predominant allogamy are characterized by high heterozigosity, whereas the lines from individual bisexual trees are characterized by low heterozigosity, owing to compulsory autogamy. The magnitude of genetic variability, in addition to the effect of line founder, depends also on other factors.

The raising of seedling lines, as well as one-year old plants in + equal ecological conditions represents a model for the analysis of the mechanism of genetic control of root properties, while the analyses in natural conditions render primarily the information on physical-chemical characteristics of soil layers to which the root system is readily adapted.

In the selection of ailanthus trees for resistance to adverse conditions, greater attention should be drawn to root properties, considering the significant adaptive potential related to the properties of rhizogenesis.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION OF YIELD AND QUALITY COMPONENTS OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

Veselinka Zečević¹, Desimir Knežević¹, Marija Kraljević-Balalić² and Danica Mićanović¹

¹Agriculture Research Institute "Serbia", Center for Small Grains, Kragujevac

²Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad

The correlation between yield components (productive tillering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike, kernel weight per plant, harvest index, 1000 kernel weight) and quality components (grain protein content and protein sedimentation) were done. Plants grown in experimental field in 3 repetitions during 2 vegetative seasons. Analysis of plants in full maturity stage of wheat with sample of 60 plants (20 plants in 3 repetitions) were done. The simple, genetic and phenotypic correlations and "path" analysis of genetic correlation coefficients were calculated. The correlation found between number of kernels per spike and kernel weight per spike (r=0.536**) was the strongest, followed by plant height and spike length (r=0.462**). The strongest positive genetic correlation was found between kernel weight per spike and 1000 kernel weight (r_g=0.561**), and between spike length and number of spikelets per spike (r_g=0.613**). Phenotypic correlation which was found between kernel weight per spike and harvest index (r_f=0.563**), and kernel weight per spike and 1000 kernel weight (r=0.535**) were the strongest. Harvest index and number of spikelets per spike had the strongest direct effect on kernel weight per plant. The spike length through the number of spikelets per spike had the strongest indirect effect on kernel weight per plant.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

STABILITY PARAMETERS FOR YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT

Miodrag Dimitrijević, Marija Kraljević-Balalić, Sofija Petrović i Novica Mladenov

Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Field and vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

Ecological stability of plant height, spike length and number of spikelet’s per spike for eleven different wheat varieties originated from distant geographical growth regions, in three vegetation periods were studied in this paper. Stability parameters were calculated using the model of Eberhart and Russell (1966). According to regression coefficient, all studied varieties showed stability on satisfactory level for three examined traits. The most stable, for plant height, appeared to be varieties NS Rana 2, Manitou and Lovrin 21, while the most unstable genotype was Peking 11. For spike length, somewhat better stability among the others, revealed variety Gyza 144, in opposition to the most unstable variety Fundulea 29. Considerable better stability for number of spikelet’s per spike was observed in varieties Rodna and Luna, in contrast to varieties Bolal and Peking 11, which were the most unstable. After calculated value of standard error of regression coefficient, the most heterogeneous among studied traits, was spike length.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF DUPLICATES IN LOCAL MAIZE POPULATIONS

AT THE YUGOSLAV PLANT GENEBANK

Dražen Jelovac, Gordana Radović, Jasmina Muminović and Zoran Branković

Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade

The collection of Yugoslav local maize populations is conserved and studied within the activities of the Genebank for Maize. The populations were collected from different agroecological regions during a number of years, with the intention of conserving the greatest possible variability, created within the species.

During the regeneration and characterization some accessions do not perform as homogenous but appear in two or three modified forms. In order to verify them as duplicates within the accession or as separate populations, morphobiological traits of those forms and their Fl crosses were analyzed. The discriminant analysis methods were applied. The null hypothesis that the variants of one accession are duplicates was tested.

The results of this study indicated that some of the variants tested might be considered as duplicates in the collection, while the others were registered as new accessions in the Genebank. The testing of genetic similarity between variants within the accession, using the genetic fingerprinting method is needed for the conclusive confirmation of duplicates in the collection.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

EMBRYO PROTEINS AS POTENTIAL GENETIC MARKERS IN INVESTIGATION OF

HETEROSIS EXPRESSION IN MAIZE

Kosana Konstantinov, Tatjana Čorić, Snežana Mladenović-Drinić, N. Delić, R. Petrović

Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Zemun - Beograd

Descriptive, phenotype-dependent investigation of heterosis expression is based on the frequency and level of determined effect and these dependent on genetics, biochemistry and physiology are contributed to better understanding of gene/genome role in genetic control of this phenomenon. Yield of dry seed, as the main result of total biological processes in plant is the most important trait used as measure of heterosis. Divergent selection for yield of F2 population, developed by crossing two genetically closed related inbred lines and selfpolinated through 4 generations was used as model to search gene/genome part participating in the genetic control of "permanent" heterotic effect. Total and salt soluble embryo proteins have been characterized both in low and high yielding genotypes in different selection cycles. Obtained results indicated, that, besides recessive alleles increase segregation is going on low and high-yielding genotypes. Low-yielding genotypes have tendency for earlier maturation showing that genotype react on inbreeding like a stress and all biological capacity is using to complete reproductive organs. Both quantities and qualitative differences in total and salt soluble proteins were determined between extreme genotypes. There are several polypeptides, identified as promising candidates for genetic markers, related to gene/genome part controlling maize yield.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

THE INFLUENCE OF GENERATION OF RECOMBINATION ON THE YIELD VARIABILITY AND ITS COMPONENTS IN THE SYNTHETIC POPULATION WITH

THE EXOTIC GERMPLASM

Tomislav Živanović¹, Gordana Šurlan-Momirović¹ and Goran Todorović²

¹Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade-Zemun

²Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade, Zemun

Unilateral selection of higher yielding genotypes narrowed the variability of the sources that maintained in competition. The total variability decreased on behalf of the increase of the frequency of genes controlling the desirable traits that were selected in this process.

The investigation included the synthetic maize population with narrow genetic basis with 25% of the exotic germplasm. Within the population, three or five gene recombination cycles were carried out, so the investigation included basic population without gene recombinations and the newly derived populations after three or five generations of recombining genes. The trial was set after Nested design in two replications, on two locations, during two years. The yield itself and its components (ear length, kernel row number, 1000 kernel weight and humidity content in grain) were measured. The biometric data processing involved calculation of the mean values and the analysis of variance after Nested design.

Five generations additional gene recombinations influenced on the increase of the mean values for examined traits. The significant influence on the expression of the analyzed traits had locations, families and the interaction of mentioned factors (location x set and location x family).

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

NUMBER OF COTYLEDONS AND FIR SEEDLING SURVIVAL IN THE SREMČICA

NURSERY

Boro P. Pavlović, Dragana Stojičić, Branislava Grbović, Biljana Nikolić, Dušanka Kukobat, Radojica Pižurica

Institute of Forestry, Belgrade

In the Institute of Forestry in Belgrade nursery at Sremčica, the frequencies of common fir Abies alba seedlings with different number of cotyledons were determined (April 11, 1996). The seed was sawn in June 1995 into open beds, and before counting the seedlings were pricked out into containers. A number of seedlings had all their cotyledons. Within this group, the number of cotyledons varied between 3 and 8. The majority of seedlings had 5, and then 6 cotyledons. The minimal number of three cotyledons is not the characteristic of this species. During the following inspection (Nov 7, 1996), the seedlings without shed cotyledons (during the first inspection) had a somewhat lower survival compared to the seedlings with shed cotyledons. A higher survival was characteristic of seedlings with a higher number of cotyledons. The number of levels at which the buds, i.e. lateral shoots, were formed in the second growth season varied markedly. There were seedlings with 6 or 7 cotyledons, which had 9, 6, or 5 levels of formed buds. Most seedlings had no lateral shoots.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

INHERITANCE OF PLANT HEIGHT AND HEIGHT TO FIRST LATERAL BRANCH IN

RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.)

Ana Marjanović-Jeromela i Radovan Marinković

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

Combining ability of five winter rapeseed varieties were investigate as well as inheritance of plant height and height to first lateral branch, by diallel crossing. In F, plant height was inherited dominantly: in four combinations dominated higher parent and in two combinations the lower one. Heterosis, intermediate and dominance of superior parent were expressed in the inheritance of height to first lateral branch. The values of GCA for plant height were both positive and negative: variety Falcon had the highest GCA and Jet Neuf the lowest, although neither of them significantly different other tested varieties. Falcon had significantly highest GCA for height to first lateral branch, while the lowest had the Samuray. The SCA values for plant height were significant for crosses Banaćanka x Samuray and Samuray x Jet Neuf. Significant SCA for height to first lateral branch only had the combination Sremčica x Samuray. The tested varieties had more dominant genes for both traits. The average degree of dominance was larger than one, indicating superdominance in the inheritance of plant height and height to first lateral branch, if all combinations are taken into account.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

VARIABILITY AND COMPONENTS OF VARIANCE FOR HARVEST INDEX IN WHEAT

(Triticum aestivum L.)

Dušan Urošević, Veselinka Zečević i Milanko Pavlović

Agriculture Research Institute "SERBIA", Center for Small Grains - Kragujevac

Variability, heritability and components of variance in 50 cultivars from different selection centers of the world were studied Plants grown in experimental field in 3 repetitions during two vegetative seasons. Analysis of plants in full maturity stage of wheat with sample of 60 plants (20 plants in 3 repetitions) were done. Harvest index was calculated as ratio of grain yield and total aerial part of plant. The highest harvest index established in cv. Peking 8 (44.6%), and the lowest in cv. Jawa (23.8%). In average for all cultivars, harvest index was similar in both year of investigation (35.4%; 35.2%). Cultivars showed differences in variability of harvest index. Coefficient of variation in average for all cultivars and both year was V=12.0%. The lowest variation coefficient established in cv. Peking 8(V=7.0%), and the highest in cv. Brock (V=17.8%). High heritability (h²=75%) for this trait was established. High significant differences in mean values for harvest index between cultivars by analysis of variance were established. Differences between year and interaction cultivar/year were also high significant. Components of phenotypic variance showed that the highest impact expression of harvest index had genetic factors (53.7%), and less impact belonged to interaction cultivar/year (35.0%), while impact of year not established.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

STABILITY PARAMETERS FOR SPIKE MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS IN WHEAT
GENOTYPES OF DIFFERENT PLOIDY LEVEL

Jadranka Ivezić¹, Marija Kraljević-Balalić², S. Denčić² i Ljiljana Merkulov¹

¹Institute of Biology, Novi Sad

²Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

The spike morphological characters were analyzed in order to obtain information about the genotypes stability in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes, so as to compare the stability of particular characters for different ploidy level. The experimental material comprised eight tetraploid and eight hexaploid, randomly chosen, wheat genotypes. The trail was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications during three years. The morphological analysis of spike included: spike length, number of spikelets/spike (total, fertile and sterile), spike mass, number of grains/spike, grain mass/spike and spike index. Stability parameters were computed according to Eberhart and Rassell (1966). On the basis of the deviation of regression coefficients (b_j from the theoretical ideal value (1), the most stable genotypes, for most characters, were NSD 4/93 and NSD 29/93 (the group of tetraploid wheat), NSP-11 and NSP-032 (the group of hexaploid wheat). The values of standard errors of average regression coefficient (S_eb_i) showed that the lowest heterogeneity of regression coefficient was observed for grain mass/spike (±0.164) in hexaploid wheat, and the highest for fertile spikelets/spike (±3.388) in tetraploid wheat. For characters spike length, number of spikelets/spike (fertile and sterile), spike mass, nuber and mass of grain/spike higher heterogeneity of regression coefficient was obtained in tetraploid wheat genotypes. The hexaploid wheat genotypes showedhigher heterogeneity for total spiklets number/spike and spike index.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

THE MODE OF INHERITANCE AND THE GENE EFFECT FOR STEM HEIGHT AND HARVEST INDEX IN DIFFERENT CROSSES OF WHEAT GENOTYPES

Sofija Petrović, Marija Kraljević-Balalić and Miodrag Dimitrijević

Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Field and vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

Four different wheat varieties, Jugoslavia, žitnica, Osječanka and NSR-2, were diallely crossed and F1, F2 as well as backcross progenies were obtained. The results revealed significant differences for examined traits among the parents and progenies. The estimation of gene effect was conducted on the basis of progeny average values, using additive-dominance model, with three parameters (Mather, 1949) and with six parameters for the detection of epistatic gene effects (Mather and Jinks, 1982). Non-allelic interaction was observed for all examined traits. The mode of inheritance of the stem height and harvest index was dominance or overdominance.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

EFFECTS OF THE KUNITZ TRYPSIN INHIBITOR COMPOSITION ON GRAIN

YIELD OF SOYBEAN

Slađana Žilić, Irina Božović, Ljubiša Prijić

Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Zemun - Beograd

Fresh soybean contains many deleterious components affecting its quality and decreasing its nutrient value. Therefore the selection of varieties with the decreased content of anti-nutrient matters, first of all with no Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, have begun in the world. As high grain soybean yield is the most important task of soybean breeding and selection, the principal aim of the present study was to investigate effect of this inhibitor on grain yield of soybean.

This study encompassed 48 soybean lines of the F4 generation, as well as their parental components, varieties "Kunitz" and "Kador" used as checks. The variety Kador and 24 lines contained Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, while other 24 lines and variety Kunitz had no Kunitz trypsin inhibitor. According to measured grain yield randomly chosen plants, everage kernel yield per plant, for two groups of genotypes, were calculated. Based on obtained results, the difference of means, variability components, variation coefficients and heritability of studied trait were observed between genotypes with and without Kunitz tripsyn inhibitor.

Obtained differences of all statistical parameters were not significant, hence it can be concluded that the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor composition has no effect on grain yield of soybean.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

HERITABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS IN CABBAGE

(Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)

Janko Červenski, Đuro Gvozdenović, Mirjana Vasić, Dušanka Bugarski

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

A two year experiment has been conducted at the experiment field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops at Rimski šančevi, on the chernozem soil, in order to examine the variability and heritability of yield components in cabbage. The experiment was carried out after the system of random blocks in three replicates. The experiment materials were 12 divergent cabbage genotypes. The following results were obtained. The values of broad sense heritability were lowest for head mass and yield (65%), the highest for head height (97%). The low values of heritability for head mass and yield indicate that these characteristics are complex and that the breeding for these characteristics should be done concurrently with the breeding for the characteristics that are significantly correlated with the former ones. The significant values of heritability for head height and inner stem length are a good ground for further improvements of these characteristics by breeding.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

THE INHERITANCE OF SEED LENGTH IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)

Siniša Jočić i Dragan Škorić

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad

In order to study the mode of inheritance, the components of genetic variance and combining abilities for seed length, half diallel crosses of six divergent sunflowers inbred lines were made. The mean values of parents and their progenies, for studied traits, were significant different. In the inheritance of seed length the additive component of genetic variance had the predominant role. The average degree of dominance and the point of intersection between the projected line of regression and Wr axis, both indicate the presence of partial dominance in the inheritance of investigated trait in progenies. Inbred line cms-13 had the highest positive values of general combining ability for examined character. The best specific combination for all three investigated traits was R-15 x cms-19 and cms-77 x R.-17

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

GENETIC HOMOZYGOSITY AND THE OCCURRENCE OF CEREBRAL VASCULAR

INSUFFICIENCY

Gojko Savić and Slavko Branković

Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Priština

The analysis of 29 mono and oligogenically determined morphophysiological traits was conducted in a sample of 70 stroke patients (CVI) and 140 persons comprising control group by determining the representation of the homozygous recessive traits, it was found that average number of HRCs in patients sample was (8.8), which is a significant difference when compared to the control sample (6.37). The difference were also observed in the type of frequency distribution, where even 11 such characteristics showed increased presence in patients, whereas these two sample of the examinees could be considered genetically different. A difference concerning type and range of variability in the patient sample compared to the control one was also determined. An increased degree of the genetic homozygosity as well as decreased variability in the sample patients, could be a cause for disorder of the genetic-physiological homeostasis which leads to predisposition for disease.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

AVAILABILITY OF HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE TRAITS TAKEN FROM A SAMPLE OF PUPILS ATTENDING SPECIAL AS WELL AS REGULAR SCHOOLS IN LOZNICA

Slavko Branković¹, Gojko Savić¹ i Svetlana Basanović²

¹Department of biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Priština, Priština

²Museum of Natural History, Kosovo, Priština

A population-genetic analysis of 17 sampled genetically controlled morpho-physiological traits was carried out for sample of 71 pupils with low IQ< 80 in a special school compared to the same sampling of an regular school. The statistically significant difference was obtained in the studied morpho-physiological traits between the special and regular school. The differences were in the type of frequency distribution with six homozygous recessive characteristics significantly more frequently present in the sample of children from special school. A presence of significant individual variability was determined in an average presence of analyzed homozygous recessive traits which can increase their potential for variable adaptations, including their mental capacities.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

Section for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

THE INFLUENCE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS TO INTRAUTERINE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOME QUANTITATIVE

TRAITS

Smilja Banković, Olivera Milošević-Đorđević*

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kragujevac

*Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Science, Kragujevac

The birth weight, birth length and head circumference are phenotypic characters of newborns by wich the dynamics of intrauterine growth can be presented. In sample of 1500 babies from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Kragujevac, with 33 to 42 weeks of gestation age, using the ANOVA for developmental variation of three studied traits, the genetic and environmental component of phenotypic variation has been estimated. The greatest involvement of genetic variation was determined for newborns birth length (83.6%), then for birth weight (70.4%), and finally for head circumference (64.8%). The influence of environmental factors to gestation age variation was substantially smaller, amounting 16-35%.

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Published in Book of Abstracts “THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM OF POPULATION AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS”

Tara (Serbia), June 3 -7, 1997

for Population and Evolutionary Genetics

POPULATION GENETICS IN PRECLINICAL PRACTICE

Zorica Janakova and Dušica Živanović

Medical Centre in Jagodina

On the basis of population genetics knowledge and experiences obtained at Genetic (Family) Counselling Center For Inheritance Predisposed Diseases of Medical Center in Jagodina, suggests the ways of organizing prevention of chronic common noncontagious diseases on the territory of Middle Pomoravlje and in other environments.

Basic principles successfully organized prevention of this common pathology are mentioned: combined risks of certain disease groups, family approach and active search for predisposed individuals. The work shows basic levels of the team of medical staff and coworkers in a closed circle of preventive procedures: preclinical selection-laboratory observation-instruction-examination of relatives. Preclinical questionnaire selection in assessing risk degree analyzes genetic predisposition, environmental factors and preclinical disease symptoms.

Using the examples of allergic reactivity disease and diabetes mellitus, the work gives key age preventive moments (avoidance of primary sensibility in intrauterine and early postnatal periods, early discovery and treatment of gestational diabetes).

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