GENETIKA, Vol. 10, No.1 (1978)
R. VALINGER and Marija ALAČEVIĆ
SELECTIVE EFFECT OF N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE (MNNG) IN ASPERGILLUS AWAMORI [Abstract]
B. WALLACE
POPULATION SIZE, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LABORATORY CULTURES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]
M. JANKOVIĆ
SEX CHROMATIN ANALYSIS [Abstract]
Iskra PETROVIĆ
NUCLEOLUS ORGANIZERS IN MAN [Abstract]
Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
INHERITANCE OF PLANT HEIGHT AND SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN VULGARE WHEAT [Abstract]
W. GOTTSCHALK
GENE-ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PISUM MUTANTS AND RECOMBINANTS [Abstract]
M.L.H. KAUL
MUTATION-GENETIC STUDES IN RICE. I. INDUCET MUTANS OF BREEDING VALUE [Abstract]
V. TRIFUNOVIĆ and D. RISTANOVIĆ
BREEDING MAIZE FOR PROLIFICACY [Abstract]
J.N. GOVIL and B.K. MUKHERJEE
NATURE AND EFFICIENCY OF MALE STERILE TESTERS IN THE EVALUATION OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE POLLINATOR LINES IN SORGHUM [Abstract]
Kosana KONSTANTINOV
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF CHROMATIN IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN IN MAIZE ENDOSPERM [Abstract]
Vesna POPOVIĆ and M. DENIĆ
ACTIVITY OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN SOME GENOTYPES OF MAIZE [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp.1-8
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
SELECTIVE EFFECT OF N-METHYL-N'-NITRO-N-NITROSOGUANIDINE (MNNG) IN ASPERGILLUS AWAMORI
R. VALINGER and Marija ALAČEVIĆ
»Pliva«, Tvornica farmaceutskih i kemijiskih proizvoda, Tehnološki fakultet, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Valinger, R. and Alačević, M. (1977): Selective effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Aspergillus awamori. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1-8.
The aiuxotrophic mutants, obtained by Nimethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) of Aspergillus awamori 358, which is the leaky mutant dependent on arginine or praline or ornd-thine, were examined. It was found that a large number of the auxotrpphic mutants obtained were dependent on .the same amino acids on which the treated strain is leaky.
On the basis of the available information on this subject the hypothesis of a hot spot existence are presented.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 9-16
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
POPULATION SIZE, ENVIRONMENT, AND THE MAINTENANCE OF LABORATORY CULTURES OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
B. WALLACE
Division of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14153, U.S.A.
Abstract
Wallace, B. (1978): Population size, environment, and the maintenance of laboratory cultures of Drosophila melanogaster. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 9-16.
Cultures of Drosophila melanogaster were maintained for ill generations by transferring the total progeny hatching in each vial of one generation into a fresh vial as parental flies of the next generation. The quality of the culture medium in one set of 50 vials was constant; in the other set of 50 vials it varied from one generation to the next. Under variable conditions, cultures with large numbers of progeny in one generation were more likely to become extinct in the next generation or two than were those yielding smaller numbers of progeny flies. This observation supports the argument that a genetic load, rather than being a burden on a population, is essential for the persistence of the population through time in a variable environment.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 17-23
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
SEX CHROMATIN ANALYSIS
M. JANKOVIĆ
Biološki institut Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Janković, M. (1978): Sex chromatin analysis. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 17-23.
Two hundred girls and 200 boys, all either students or pupils, have been screened for numerical abnormalities of sex chromosomes. The results of a study of buccal smears -for the Barr body and in interphase nuclei of peripheral blood leucocytes for the fluorescent Y body indicated two fluorescent bodies in the interphase nuclei in two boys. Their karyotypes were made by classical and fluorescence techniques. In one, karyotype 46XY/47XYY was found. The author points out the importance of such investigations.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 25-29
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
NUCLEOLUS ORGANIZERS IN MAN
Iskra PETROVIĆ
Zavod za zaštitu majki i djece, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Petković, I. (1978): Nucleolus organizers in men. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 25-29.
In this paper the author gives some results obtained by an Ag-I technique which is specific for demonstrating nucleolus organizer regions. The location of nucleolus organizer regions was studied in a patient with a large satellite and enlarged achromatic stalks on chromosome G.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 31-42
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
INHERITANCE OF PLANT HEIGHT AND SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN VULGARE WHEAT
Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
Poljoprivredni fakultet, Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo 21000 Novi Sad, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Kraljević-Balalić, M. (1978): Inheritance of plant height and some yield components in vulgare wheat. Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 31-42.
Inheritance of plant height, number of kernels per spike and weight of kernels per spike in four parent diallel analysis of wheat was studied. Estimates of general and specific combining ability were made following the technique of Griffing (1956). The variance component analysis and the graphical analysis were carried out by the technique given by Hayman (1954), Jinks (1954), and Mather and Jinks (1971).
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 43-61
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
GENE-ECOLOGICAL STUDIES IN PISUM MUTANTS AND RECOMBINANTS
W. GOTTSCHALK
Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53 Bonn, FR Germany
Abstract
Gottschalk, W. (1978): Gene-ecological studies in Pisum mutants and recombinants. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 43-61.
Mutants and recoimibinamts of Pisum sativum were commonly grown with the initial line at two different locations in West Germany, Yugoslavia, Egypt, Ghana, Uganda, and at seven locations in India having different climatic conditions. Moreover, they were grown under different environmental conditions in a climate chamber in Bonn. Quantitative traits such as seed production, flowering and ripening time, internode length as well as some qualitative characters such as stem fasciation and bifurcation were evaluated in comparison to the behaviour of the initial line. Drastic differences between the initial line and some mutants which depended upon specific environmental factors were observed with regard to flowering time, .seed production, drought resistance, and tolerance against low amounts of light. Some fasciated mutants do not flower in semi-arid, subtropical, and tropical countries. Other fasciated genotypes are completely seed sterile in India whereas they are highly productive in Germany. The .seed proteins of 'certain genotypes are influenced quantitatively and qualitatively by environmental factors.
The pleiotropic spectrum of a mutant gene is positively altered under the ecological conditions of North India as compared to the climatic situation of West Germany. The penetraince behaviour of a gene was found to be highly dependent upon environmental factors as well as upon specific genes of the genome.
The findings demonstrate that many mutants differ strikingly from the initial line with regard to their adaptability to specific ecological conditions.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 63-77
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
MUTATION-GENETIC STUDES IN RICE.
I. INDUCET MUTANS OF BREEDING VALUE
M.L.H. KAUL
Cytogenetics Laboratory, Botany Department The University, Kurukshetra, India
Abstract
Kaul, M. L. H. (1978): Mutation-genetic studies in rice. 1. Induced mutants of breeding value. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 63-77.
Basmati-370, Jhona-349 and IR8 varieties of rice, predominantly grown in Haryana (a major rice belt of India), are beset with some genetic defects. Basmati though fine grained is a tall, poor yielder with semi-compact panicles and matures late. Jhona is also a tall, thin and weak culmed variety having coarse white grains and lodges at maturity, IR8 is a high yielding dwarf variety but possesses coarse, bold and broad grains. Besides, it matures very late. An induction of mutations with three mutagens singly and in combination was tried to rectify the genetic defects of these varieties. From nearly 400 mutants detected in M2, 40 mutants were selected and studied in M3 and M4 generation. These had certain desirable traits: Basmati-highly reduced height + high yield, high yield + lodging resistance, early + high yield, dwarf stature + small grains; Jhona-dwarf stature + lodging resistance, short grains + early maturity, high yield + improved yield; IR8-fine (grains + early maturity, small grains + early maturity, high yield + fine grains. While in all the 17 IR8 mutants, the seed protein content was significantly increased from 25-50 per cent, 4 mutants in Jhona and 2 in Basmati also exhibited a similar increase. These mutants offer an excellent breeding material and can play a significant role in the genetic improvement of rice quantitively and qualitatively. The lodging resistant mutant genes in Jhona probably appear either as multiple alleles or as non-allelic genes mutating similarly. Each .mutated gene exhibits a specific type of pleiotropic spectrum. Therefore, no specific morphological trait could be used as an indicator of the tendency of variety to lodge. The dwarf genes present in Jhona and Basmati mutants also exercise pleiotropic effects over many other phenotypic traits. This system of pleiotropic expression of such genes in rice is not documented so far.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 79-103
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
BREEDING MAIZE FOR PROLIFICACY
V. TRIFUNOVIĆ and D. RISTANOVIĆ
Maize Research Institute »Zemun Polje«, 11080 Zemun, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Trifiunović, V. and Ristanović, D. (1978): Breeding maize for prolificacy. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 79-103.
Our studies have shown that breeding maize for prolificacy has effectively increased the frequency of {prolificacy in inbred lines and hybrids. Prolific types snowed more stable and higher yields per plant and per hectare than non-prolific types. This was particularly noticeable at lower plant densities. The number of ears per plant decreased as the density increased, but the percent of barrenness at higher densities was much lower in prolific than in non-prolific types. This study indicates that prolificacy in maize is a desirable trait and that the primary interest for developing prolific maize is to minimize the risks of poor yields in maize production.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 105-113
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
NATURE AND EFFICIENCY OF MALE STERILE TESTERS IN THE EVALUATION OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE POLLINATOR LINES IN SORGHUM
J.N. GOVIL and B.K. MUKHERJEE
Division of Genetics, I. A. R. I., New Delhi, India
Abstract
Govil, J. N. and Mukherjee, B. K. (1978): Nature and efficiency of male sterile testers in the evaluation of genetically diverse pollinator lines in sorghum. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1. 105-113.
Four newly developed -male sterile testers and thirteen lines representing a range of diversity were studied in a line x tester mating design to obtain information on the nature and efficiency of testers in the evaluation of genetically diverse lines in sorghum for their commercial exploitation in the development of hybrids. Correlation studies showed that the tester ms CK60A for grain yield, the testers ms 176A and ms 172A for yield components and the testers ms CK60A, ms 172A and ms 3675A for days to flower were found to be promising with regard to their efficiency in testing general combining ability of lines. The studies revealed that in sorghum unlike maize, per se performance of lines did not reflect their general combining ability. To obtain a better estimate of general combining ability of the lines, it is imperative that a number of testers should be selected and a choice of testers should be determined by the ultimate performance required of the hybrids. The correlation analysis could also bring out the differences in the nature and efficiency of testers in the two locations namely Delhi and Coimbatore.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 115-121
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE ROLE OF CHROMATIN IN THE SYNTHESIS OF PROTEIN IN MAIZE ENDOSPERM
Kosana KONSTANTINOV
Maize Research Institute, »Zemun Polje«, 11080 Zemun, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Konstantinov, K. (1978): Contribution to the study of the role of chromatin in the synthesis of protein in maize endosperm. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 1, 115-121.
A cell-free system for chromatin directed protein synthesis has been investigated. A cell-free protein synthesizing system from E. coli and wheat embryo was adapted and the incorporation of amino acids was determined. It was established that chromatin isolated from an opaque-2 mutant and a normal genotype (inbred line W64A) takes part in the regulation of amino acid composition of protein in maize endosperm. In the presence of chromatin from the mutant endosperm 25 days after pollination there was relatively higher incorporation of lysine as compared to the system with chromatin from the normal genotype. The ratio of incorporation of lysine/leucine was higher in the system with the chromatin from mutant than with the chromatin from normal endosperm 25 days after pollination.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.1 (1978), pp. 123-129
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
ACTIVITY OF NITRATE REDUCTASE IN SOME GENOTYPES OF MAIZE
Vesna POPOVIĆ and M. DENIĆ
Maize Research Institute »Zemun Polje«, 11080 Zemun, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Popović, V. and Denić, M. (1978): Activity of nitrate reductase in some genotypes of maize. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No, 1, 123-129.
In this paper are presented preliminary results of an investigation on the role of nitrate reductase (NR) in the synthesis of storage proteins in plants. The optimum conditions for enzyme extraction and assay were also studied. Special attention was paid to the influence of protein on the stability of the enzyme. It was found that human serum albumin protects NR activity.
The influence of concentration of nitrate ions on enzyme activity in the early stages of plant .growth was examined. The results showed a difference in enzyme activity between inbred lines and hybrids at the same concentration of nitrate ions. The same investigations also showed that plants in earlier stages of development (7 days) have higher enzyme activity than plants at later phases of growth (14 and 21 days).