GENETIKA, Vol. 10, No.2 (1978)
Iskra PETKOVIĆ i Branka ZRINJSKI
VARIANT D-GROUP CHROMOSOMES AND ACROCENTRIC CHROMOSOME ASSOCIATIONS [Abstract]
I. BARJAKTARI
GENETIC CHANGES DURING THE AGEING PROCESS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]
Radmila PETANOVIĆ and D. MARINKOVIĆ
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CLASSICAL THEORY AND OF A NEW MODEL EXPLAINING THE VARIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS [Abstract]
M. VELJKOVIĆ and B. GARZIČIĆ
THE FREQUENCY OF HUMAN ACROCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES IN MUTUAL ASSOCIATIONS [Abstract]
M.L. KALEZIĆ
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLOZYMES IN DIFFERENTIATING SOME TAXA OF THE GENUS TRITURUS (URODELA, SALAMANDRIDAE) [Abstract]
V. KEKIĆ and Brigita VALVAJTER
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF »POSITIVELY« AND »NEGATIVELY« PHOTOTACTIC INDIVIDUALS OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA [Abstract]
M. SOLOMUN, V. GLIŠIN and Ana SAVIĆ
PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON HISTONE IN SEA URCHIN EMBRYOS [Abstract]
A. BOZZINI
NATURAL GERMPLASM COLLECTION VERSUS INDUCED MUTATION. A COMPLEMENTARY ACTION OR A DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS? [Abstract]
Katarina BOROJEVIĆ
EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES IN A POPULATION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM VULGARE) AFTER MUTAGENIC TREATMENTS [Abstract]
J.N. GOVIL and B.K. MUKHERJEE
PRELIMINARY GENETIC STUDIES IN A SET OF SORGHUM HYBRIDS USING FOUR NEWLY DEVELOPED MALE STERILE LINES [Abstract]
N. PEŠEV
COMBINING ABILITY OF MAIZE INBRED LINES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCE MATERIAL [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 135-138
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
VARIANT D-GROUP CHROMOSOMES AND ACROCENTRIC CHROMOSOME ASSOCIATIONS
Iskra PETKOVIĆ i Branka ZRINJSKI
Institut za zaštitu majki i djece, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Petković, I. and Zrinjski, B. (1978): Variant D-group chromosomes and acrocentric chromosome associations. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 135-138.
Association patterns of two D-group chromosomes with a structural abnormality in the nucleolus-organizer region were studied. Ds+ and Dp+ chromosomes were found to be involved in association more frequently than other D-group chromosomes.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 139-150
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
GENETIC CHANGES DURING THE AGEING PROCESS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
I. BARJAKTARI
Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Univerziteta u Prištini, Priština, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Barjaktari, D. I. (1978): Genetic changes during the ageing process in Drosophila melanogaster. - Genetika, Vol. 10. No. 2. 139-150.
It is generally accepted today that the processes of ageing leid to changes in the cell genotype. Some of the theories of ageing base their assumptions upon somatic mutations, but there is not yet enough convincing evidence to prove whether the mutation changes that may cause the ageing processes are recessive (Szi1ard, 1959) or dominant (Lamb and Maynard - Smith, 1964; Harris, 1971).
The direction of our research was to discover and describe experimentally the changes that occur at the gene level during the ageing process, and to try to establish the nature of these changes. The principle task was to check the assumptions about the mutation theory of ageing, and how these changes are expressed in the following generation, i.e., in progeny of young parents and of grand parents at different ages.
As the changes that are shown during the ageing process happen in various ways at each of the chromosomes, it is possible to establish them only when the corresponding chromosomes are placed in a homozygous state. This was carried out by crossing brother and sister during three generations which increased the homozygosity in each of the genotypes to about 60% of the polimorphic loci.
The fertility and survival of the progeny of individuals obtained in this way was recorded and related to the parental age.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 151-164
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CLASSICAL THEORY AND OF A NEW MODEL EXPLAINING THE VARIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS
Radmila PETANOVIĆ and D. MARINKOVIĆ
Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Petanović, R. and Marinković, D. (1978): Experimental evaluation of a classical theory and of a new model explaining the variation of quantialive traits. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2,151-164.
To check the classical theory which proposes a prevalently additive genetic determination of quantitative traits, an experiment was performed which was designed to distinguish between this theory and a new model which explains genetic and pheno-typic variability of fitness characters. It is suggested that variability and inheritance of complex quantitative traits could be controlled by all genie alleles of a polygenic complex, whose combinations, i.e. the versatility of their products, determine the expressivity and adaptive significance of particular phenotypes.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 165-172
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
THE FREQUENCY OF HUMAN ACROCENTRIC CHROMOSOMES IN MUTUAL ASSOCIATIONS
M. VELJKOVIĆ and B. GARZIČIĆ
Laboratorija za humanu citogenetiku, Institut za biološka istraživanja »Siniša Stanković«, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Veljković, M. and Garzičić, B. (1978): The frequency of human acrocentric chromosomes in mutual associations. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 165-172.
Non random translocation of acrocentric chromosomes is a common phenomenon in human cariotypes. It is supposed that breaks of the acrocentric chromosomes, which occur during association, cause translocations (Ohno, 1961). If this hypothesis is correct, on random associations of acrocentric chromosomes should be expected.
Analyses were made on metaphase figures of lumphocytes after in vitro culture of whole peripheral blood from eleven volunteers. The results reported in this paper support the hypothesis of random associability of acrocentric chromosomes.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 173-184
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ALLOZYMES IN DIFFERENTIATING SOME TAXA OF THE GENUS TRITURUS (URODELA, SALAMANDRIDAE)
M.L. KALEZIĆ
Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Kalezić, M. L. (1978): The significance of allozymes in differentiating some taxa of the genus Triturus (Urodela, Salamandridae).- Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 173-184.
In order to document the significance of allozymes in delimiting taxa of the genus Triturus, an extensive survey of allozyme polymorphism of three species, namely T. vulgaris, T. alpestris and T. cristatus was performed. It was shown that some allozymes can be used as diagnostic character to differentiate taxa. Genetic similarities calculated from allele frequency data throw more light on the relationship and taxonomic rank of some taxa of the genus Triturus.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 185-197
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF »POSITIVELY« AND »NEGATIVELY« PHOTOTACTIC INDIVIDUALS OF DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA
V. KEKIĆ and Brigita VALVAJTER
Institut za zoologiju, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Kikić, V. and Valvajter, B. (1978): Morphometric analyses of »positively« and »negatively« phototactic individuals of Drosophila subobscura. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 185-197.
A detailed morphometric analyses of D. subobscura has pointed out the presence of significant differences between two groups of individuals selected for opposite phototactic behavior. The obtained results show a correlation between the eye size of flies and the light intensity which they prefer. When both groups of selected flies were allowed to develope under the same laboratory conditions (temperature, humidity, food supply) without competition, the individuals from a »negatively« phototactic line have significantly greater eye size than those from a »positively« phototactic line. Morphometrical analyses also suggest that the dimensions of the wings as well as those of tibias could not be directly correlated with the kind of phototactic behavior, although they are positively correlated (phenotypically and partly genetically) with the eye size.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 199-209
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON HISTONE IN SEA URCHIN EMBRYOS
M. SOLOMUN1, V. GLIŠIN2 and Ana SAVIĆ3
1 Institut za biološka istraživanja »Siniša Stanković«,
2 Centar za multidisciplinarne studije Univerziteta u Beogradu,
3 Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Solomun, M., Glišin, V. and Savić, A. (1978): Paradoxical effect of Actinomycin D on histone synthesis in sea urchin embryos. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 199-209.
The effect of Actinomycin D on histone biosynthesis has been examined in the sea urchin (P. lividus) at different stages of development. It has been found that the bulk of histone synthesis depends on the maternal templates. The contribution made by embryonic mRNA's has been estimated to be 10-20%. In later stages, the amount of the newly synthesized histones in embryonic chromatin is increased in the presence of Actinomycin D. The increase in histone synthesis reached 200% in the blastula stage, and 300% in the gastrula stage, with respect to the corresponding controls.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 211-219
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
NATURAL GERMPLASM COLLECTION VERSUS INDUCED MUTATION. A COMPLEMENTARY ACTION OR A DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS?
A. BOZZINI
Plant Production and Protection Division FAO, Rome, Italy
Abstract
Bozzini, A. (1978): Natural germplasm collection versus induced mutation. A complementary action or a duplication of efforts? - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 211-219.
The paper discusses the situation faced today by the spreading of improved crop cultivars in most agricultural areas of the world versus the conservation of germplasm, mostly represented by previously cultivated land varieties or populations. The need for conservation of old indigenous populations is stressed, in order to make available to future plant breeding activities the naturally occurring variations.
In the second part the main features, advantages and constraints of artificial mutation induction are discussed, taking into consideration the frequency and the spectrum of variability induced by mutagenesis. The comparison of the genetic basis of spontaneous versus induced mutation is then dealt with, as well as its use in combination breeding. It is stressed that combination of spontaneous and induced variability is likely to give the best results, taking into consideration several examples.
It is concluded that both spontaneous and induced variability should be considered as a complementary tool, to be used after case by case analysis and evaluation. They could provide valuable means to solve the problems broached by the challenge of providing more food for mankind.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 221-237
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
EVOLUTIONARY PROCESSES IN A POPULATION OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM VULGARE) AFTER MUTAGENIC TREATMENTS
Katarina BOROJEVIĆ
Institut za biologiju Prirodno-matematičkog fakulteta, 21000 Novi Sad, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Borojeyić, K. (1978): Evolutionary processes in a population of wheat (Triticum aestivum vulgare) after mutagenic treatments. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 221-237.
This investigation started from the point of view that plant breeding is evolution in the hands of plant breeders. Some evolutionary processes which operate in populations of wheat after mutagenic treatments, especially those which may be important in plant breeding were analysed. The material used consisted of two populations of wheat after irradiation in the M5, M6 and M7 generations. Irradiation and the processes which appeared after treatment increased genetic variability in populations of wheat. Increased genetic variability allowed an intensive operation of natural selection, which resulted in an increase in the mean values of polygenic characters, especially those which were the components of adaptive value in wheat. Therefore, artificial selection may be more effective if it would be applied in a positive direction, in which natural selection alreadu operated.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 239-251
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
PRELIMINARY GENETIC STUDIES IN A SET OF SORGHUM HYBRIDS USING FOUR NEWLY DEVELOPED MALE STERILE LINES
J.N. GOVIL and B.K. MUKHERJEE
Division of Genetics, I.A.R.I., New Delhi, India
Abstract
Govil, J. N. and Mukherjee, B. K. (1978): Preliminary genetic studies in a set of sorghum hybrids using four newly developed male sterile lines. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2, 239-251.
An attempt was made to study the nature of gene action using line tester analysis for characters related to productivity and grain yield in the thirteen and four male steriles of different head and plant type in sorghum. Combining ability analysis revealed that the specific combining ability variance was considerably larger than the general combining ability variance and thus non-additive variance was mainly responsible in the expression of grain yield, yield components and days to flowering. This was due to the crosses, involving the germplasm of diverse taxonomical and different geographical origins. For almost all the characters, specific combining ability variance was found to interact significantly with environment whereas general combining ability x location interaction was not significant. Two of the newly developed male steriles, namely 172A and 176A and a number of lines, namely Indian Sorghum Number (I. S.) 968, I. S. 675, I. S. 3817 and I. S. 10,202 were found to be promising enough to be utilised in the breeding programme. The crosses of male steriles 176A and CK60A with I. S. 968 and I. S. 10,202 have been identified for testing their suitability for release to the farmers.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 10, No.2 (1978), pp. 253-262
© 1978 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
Original scientific paper
COMBINING ABILITY OF MAIZE INBRED LINES FROM DIFFERENT SOURCE MATERIAL
N. PEŠEV
Maize Research Institute, 11080 Beograd - Zemun Polje, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Pešev, N. (1978): Combining ability of maize inbred lines from different source material. - Genetika, Vol. 10, No. 2,253-262.
Using the "ear to row" method, inbred lines from four genetically different sources of maize were developed. The combining ability of 855 inbred lines from all four sources (SP495, 7-165, 37-69 and Dol26) was tested with a common tester B14. Crossings of 16 lines of the SP source with one line from source 7 indicate that these two groups of lines are genetically divergent. On the basis of crosses of 12 lines both of sources SP and 7 with seven inbred - testers, the general combining ability was determined. The general combining ability of seven inbred - testers was determined by crossing them with 24 new lines from two different sources (SP and 7).