GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 12, No.2 (1980)

M. AGUADE and L. SERRA

SPANISH CELLAR POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. STUDY OF VARIABILITY AT THREE DIFFERENT LEVELS: QUANTITATIVE, CHROMOSOMAL AND MOLECULAR [Abstract]

Dominique ANXOLABEHERE

INFLUENCE OF A MATERNAL-EFFECT ON LARVAL VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]

C. PETIT

HOW MANY GENES ARE INVOLVED IN SEXUAL ISOLATION? [Abstract]

L. PALABOST-CHARLES, Dominique ANXOLABEHERE and G. PERIQUET

INFLUENCE OF GENETIC BACKGROUND AND FREQUENCY- DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE MAINTENANCE OF POLYMORPHISM AT THE a-Gpdh LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]

S. LAKOVAARA and Liisa KERANEN

PHYLOGENY OF THE DROSOPHlLA OBSCURA GROUP [Abstract]

N. TUCIĆ, M. ANĐELKOVIĆ, V. KEKIĆ and D. MARINKOVIĆ

CONTRIBUTION TO THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF AGING. I. AGE-AFFECTED CHANGES IN GENETIC LOADS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]

F.A. LINTS

DROSOPHILA AND THE FUTURE OF RESEARCH IN THE GENETICS OF AGEING [Abstract]

M. KRUNIĆ, S. LAKOVAARA and I. PETROV

FREEZING TEMPERATURES AND COLD RESISTANCE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, D. FUNEBRIS, D. PHALERATA AND D. VIRILIS [Abstract]

S. ALAHIOTIS and M. PELECANOS

THE EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS TEMPE¬RATURE AND HUMIDITY UPON THE VARIABILITY OF THE GENE POOL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]

V. KEKIĆ, C.E. TAYLOR and M. ANDJELKOVIĆ

HABITAT CHOICE AND RESOURCE SPECIALIZATION BY DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA [Abstract]

Nadine PLUS and M.D. GOLUBOVSKY

RESISTANCE TO DROSOPHILA C VIRUS OF FIFTEEN 1 (2) GL/CY STOCKS CARRYING 1(2) GL LETHALS FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGINS [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 111-120

Serbia

UDC 575.174.015.3

Original scientific paper

SPANISH CELLAR POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. I. STUDY OF VARIABILITY AT THREE DIFFERENT LEVELS: QUANTITATIVE, CHROMOSOMAL AND MOLECULAR

M. AGUADE and L. SERRA

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Abstract

Aguade, M. and Serra, L. (1980): Spanish cellar populations of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Study of variability at three different levels: quantitative, chromosomal and molecular.- Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 111-120.

Samples from several cellar populations of Drosophila melanogaster have been collected. Wing length was measured in males from these samples. The gametic composition of these males for two loci on the second chromosome - Adh and α- Gpdh- 1 - and their chromosomal arrangements have been studied by mating them with an appropriate laboratory strain.

A strong linkage disequilibrium was found between the enzymatic loci. This disequilibrium can be largely attributed to the association on the alleles α-Gpdh^F and Adh^S with the inversion In(2L)t, because no linkage disequilibrium was detected, when only those chromosomes with the standard arrangement were considered.

The wing length variance was large in all populations studied probably due to a strong environmental component. Nevertheless, in most populations the variance of homokaryotypes for the standard arrangement of the second chromosome was larger than that of heterokaryotypes. When the variance of the quantitative character was analysed at the enzymatic level, a similar tendency was observed.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 121-131

Serbia

UDC 575.172

Original scientific paper

INFLUENCE OF A MATERNAL-EFFECT ON LARVAL VIABILITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Dominique ANXOLABEHERE

Laboratoire de Génétique des Populations 1, Université Paris VII, Tour 42, 2, place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France

Abstract

Anxolabehere, D. (1980): Influence of a maternal-effect on larval viability in Drosophila melanogaster. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 121-131.

Two mechanisms involving the qualitative or quantitative modification of a culture medium have bfe'en proposed to elucidate larval frequency-dependent selection in Drosophila. However, the variation of viability in relation to genotype frequency might be explained by another mechanism which impliese that the viability of an individual is more dependent on its mother's genotype than its own (i.e. assuming that a maternal effect on the viability exists at this locus).

The variation of the larval adaptive values observed at the sepia locus in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster can be explained, in part, by the influence of a maternal effect on the duration of embryonic development due to pts mutation associated with the sepia allele in the strain used. The sepia allelic variations caused by this type of maternal effect on the viability are compared and combined with those due to sexual frequency-dependent selection displayed at the sepia locus. The influence of selection due to a maternal-effect on the maintenance of genetic polymorphism and on the estimation of net adaptive values are discussed.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 133-145

Serbia

UDC 575.18

Original scientific paper

HOW MANY GENES ARE INVOLVED IN SEXUAL ISOLATION?

C. PETIT

Laboratoire de Gen6tique des Populations, Université Paris VII, Tour 42,2 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.

Abstract

Petit, C. (1980): How many genes are involved in sexual isolation? - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 133-145.

The number of genes involved in the process of speciation: remains an unsolved question. Enzymatic analysis and results obtained in the Hawaiian group of species suggest a limited number of genes. The results of experiments involving selection for increasing isolation agree with this hypothesis.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 147-156

Serbia

UDC 575.174.015.3

Original scientific paper

INFLUENCE OF GENETIC BACKGROUND AND FREQUENCY- DEPENDENT SELECTION IN THE MAINTENANCE OF POLYMORPHISM AT THE α-Gpdh LOCUS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

L. PALABOST-CHARLES, Dominique ANXOLABEHERE and G. PERIQUET

Université Paris 7, Laboratoire de Génétique des Populations, Tour 42/32,2 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France

Abstract

Palabost, L., Anholabehere, D. and Periquet, G. (1980): Influence of genetic background and frequency-dependent selection in the maintenance of polymorphism at the α-Gpdh locus in Drosophila melanogaster. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 147-156.

In order to analyse the role of genetic background and frequency-dependent selection on the maintenance of polymorphism at the a.-Gpdh locus in Drosophila melanogaster, the evolution of F frequencies has been followed in 12 experimental populations in which the locus was included in different genetic pools and the egg-to-adult viability was measured in synthetic populations containing different frequencies of the F allele. The parameters obtained were used to simulate evolution in the experimental populations.

The results presented indicate that the maintenance of α-Gpdh polymorphism can be explained by frequency-dependent selection at this locus, as influenced by the associated genetic background.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 157-172

Serbia

UDC 575.85

Original scientific paper

PHYLOGENY OF THE DROSOPHlLA OBSCURA GROUP

S. LAKOVAARA and Liisa KERÄNEN

Department of Genetics, University of Oula, SF 90570 Oula 57, Finland

Abstract

Lakovaara, S. and Keranen, L. (1980): Phytogeny of the Drosophila obscura group. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 157-172.

Phylogeny of the Drosophila obscura group is evaluated by using two distance matrices derived separately from morphological and enzyme similarities between species in the group. Both the UPGMA clustering and the distance Wagner procedure are utilized for constructing the phylogenetic trees. The suitability and goodness-of-fit of these two clustering methods are also considered.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 173-185

Serbia

UDC 575.172.852

Original scientific paper

CONTRIBUTION TO THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY OF AGING. I. AGE-AFFECTED CHANGES IN GENETIC LOADS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

N. TUCIĆ, M. ANĐELKOVIĆ, V. KEKIĆ and D. MARINKOVIĆ

Faculty of Science, University of Belgrade and Institute for Biological Research, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Tucić, N., Anđelković, M., Kekić, V. and Marinković, D. (1980): Contribution to the evolutionary theory of aging. I. Age-affected changes in genetic loads of Drosophila melanogaster. -Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 173-185.

One of the problems which has not received much attention from a population-genetic point of view is the role of parental ageing in the formation of the genetic structure of a natural population. It has been found that parental ageing results in a decrease of relative viability of their progeny homozygous for the second chromosome, compared with such progeny originating from young parents. The effect is cumulative and increases when ancestors of two previous generations are old. The assumption has been made that the changes in the same chromosomes occur similarly (i.e. in a programmed order) during the ageing of parental individuals. They could be different at different chromosomes since parental age did not affect the viability of their progeny heterozygous for the corresponding chromosomes. The possible influence of the age-affected changes on the maintenance of genie polymorphisms in a natural population has been discussed.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 187-200

Serbia

UDC 575.16

Original scientific paper

DROSOPHILA AND THE FUTURE OF RESEARCH IN THE GENETICS OF AGEING

F.A. LINTS

Laboratoire de Génétique, Université de Louvain Place Croix du Sud 2, B-1348 Louvain - La Neuve, Belgium

Abstract

Lints, F.A. (1980): Drosophila and the future research in the genetics of ageing. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 187-200.

Three main facts emerge from this review: (1) One does not know to what extent life-span is genetically determined, either by major genes, or by minor genes with additive action, or by minor genes with epistatic action. (2) Although there are indications of an existing link between the developmental processes and the ageing processes one does not known precisely how these processes are linked and more specifically if and how they are genetically controlled by an identical or by a different set of genes. (3) In a holometabolous insect like Drosophila where the death of the organism must to a certain extent coincide with cellular death, one does not know what the relations are between mitotic rate, development and life-span. It therefore appears indispensable to study the effects of genetic factors simultaneously on the life-span of the organism, on the characters linked to its development and on its cellular characteristics.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 201-207

Serbia

UDC 575.167

Original scientific paper

FREEZING TEMPERATURES AND COLD RESISTANCE OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, D. FUNEBRIS, D. PHALERATA AND D. VIRILIS

M. KRUNIĆ, S. LAKOVAARA and I. PETROV

Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Belgrade 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

and Department of Genetics, University of Oulu, SF 90570 Oulu 57, Finland

Abstract

Krunić, M., Lakovaara, S. and Petrov, I. (1980): Freezing temperatures and cold resistance of Drosophila melanogaster, D. Funebris, D. phalerata and D. virilis. Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2,201-207

The freezing temperature (about -20°C) of Drosophila melanogaster adults kept at room temperature differs considerably from that (about -10°C) of adults of D. funebris, D. virilis and D. phalerata kept in the same conditions. When the flies are exposed to the temperature of 15°C and to the light-dark rhythm of 12:12 for one, two, three and four weeks), melanogaster retaints the same low freezing temperature, while the freezing temperatures of D. funebris, D. virilis and D. phalerata are considerably lowered. We assume that these differences are caused by different quantities of ice crystal nucleators taken into the alimentary tract with food.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 209-217

Serbia

UDC 575.167

Original scientific paper

THE EFFECT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY UPON THE VARIABILITY OF THE GENE POOL IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

S. ALAHIOTIS and M. PELECANOS

Department of Genetics, University of Patras, Patras, Greece

Abstract

Alahiotis, S. and Pelecanos, M. (1980): The effect of the environmental parameters temperature and humidity upon the variability of the gene pool in Drosophila melanogaster. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 209-217.

The possible selectional role of the ecological factors "Temperature" and "Humidity" upon gene pool differentiation of D. melanogaster was investigated in six cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster by estimating the allele frequencies at the α-Gpdh and Adh loci. Our data have shown that both factors induced gene pool differentiation. Association was found in the case of α-Gpdh versus humidity as well as in that of Adh versus temperature. The Adb^F frequency was found to be higher in the populations maintained at 18±0.5ºC than in those kept at 25±0.5ºC. This observation is in good agreement with those reported earlier for natural populations (Pipkin et al, 1976). It is worthwhile noting that there is a similar Adh allele frequency-temperature interaction in populations with low (natural populations) and high (cage populations) second chromosome (2L) inversion frequencies. This finding points out the importance of temperature on Adh allele frequency differentiation in D. melanogaster. The q-Gpdh allele frequencies were found to be more uniform in relation to different second chromosome inversion {In (2L) 22D-34A} frequencies, thus supporting the view that while this locus is included in the inversion, it does not share its fate. The possibility that the observed gene pool differentiation depends upon natural selection acting towards maintaining co-adapted gene complexes, is discussed.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 219-225

Serbia

UDC 575.858

Original scientific paper

HABITAT CHOICE AND RESOURCE SPECIALIZATION BY DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA

V. KEKIĆ¹, C.E. TAYLOR² and M. ANDJELKOVIĆ³

University of Beograd, Faculty of Science 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia¹

University of California, Department of Biology, Riverside, U.S.A.²

and

University of Beograd, Institute for Biological Research 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia³

Abstract

Kekić, V., Taylor, C.E. and Andjelković, M. (1980): Habitat choice and resource specialization by Drosophila subobscura. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 219-225.

Habitat choice was studied in a natural population of D. subobscura at Popovica, Yugoslavia. Two adjacent but ecologically distinct habitats were identified. One of these was a dense stand of Pine and the other area was in open sunlight or partial shade. Capture-mark-recapture experiments showed that flies captured in two areas did not disperse equally. Instead, the flies tended to return to the area in which they were first captured. Phototaxis was probably one of many factors in their choice of habitats.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.2 (1980), pp. 227-231

Serbia

UDC 575.825.5

Original scientific paper

RESISTANCE TO DROSOPHILA C VIRUS OF FIFTEEN 1 (2) GL/CY STOCKS CARRYING 1(2) GL LETHALS FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGINS

Nadine PLUS and M.D. GOLUBOVSKY

Station de recherches de Pathologic comparée 30380 St-Christol, France

and Institute of Cytologie and Genetics, Novosibirsk, U.S.S.R.

Abstract

Plus, N. and Golubovsky, M.D. (1980): Resistance to Drosophila C virus of fifteen 1(2) gl/Cy stocks carrying 1(2) gl lethals from different geographical origins. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 2, 227-231.

Fifteen 1(2)gl stocks showed a higher resistance to C virus than the control Champetieres strain. Large variations were observed from one 1(2) gl stock to another. The resistance to DCV seemed to act through some cytoplasmic factors.

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