GENETIKA, Vol. 12, No.3 (1980)
W. GOTTSCHALK
INDUCED MUTATIONS IN PLANT BREEDING [Abstract]
P.D. MIŠIĆ, D.V. VINTERHALTER and Radmila TODOROVIĆ
POLYMORPHISM OF APPLE ISOPEROXIDASES [Abstract]
N. TOMOV and N. HRISTOV
IMPACT OF THE TRI- AND TETRAPLOID MOTHER CYTOPLASM ON THE EMERGENCE AND THE FORMPRODUCING PROCESS OF POLYPLOID PLANTS [Abstract]
M.A. MALEK and S. BOROJEVIĆ
COMBINING ABILITY IN WHEAT CROSSES [Abstract]
Branka TUCIĆ and N. TUCIĆ
ALLOZYME VARIABILITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS, L.)
FROM YUGOSLAVIA [Abstract]
S.P. SINGH, H.G. SINGH and A.K. SINGH
COMBINING ABILITY THROUGH LINE x TESTER ANALYSIS IN RICE [Abstract]
Lj. ZEČEVIĆ and Branka TUCIĆ
A NEW TYPE OF CHROMOSOME 1 IN YUGOSLAV MAIZE [Abstract]
A.L. HOOKER and M. DRAGANIĆ
MAIZE STALK ROT RATINGS AND PREDICTING HYBRID REACTION FROM PARENTAL INBRED REACTIONS [Abstract]
Ivanka PAVUŠEK, Zlata JURIĆ, Antea KORČULANIN, Heidemarie MATANIĆ
and Marija ALAČEVIĆ
MUTAGENESIS OF THE CELLULOLYTIC FUNGI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM WITH N-METHYL-N' -NITRO -N-NITROSOGUANIDINE (MNNG) AND UV LIGHT [Abstract]
Olga DJORDJEVIĆ and Ljiljana KOSTIĆ
INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS BY AN ALKYLATING CYTOSTATIC AGENT AND HYPERTHERMIA IN ISOLATED MAMMALIAN CELLS [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 233-262
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224.234
Original scientific paper
INDUCED MUTATIONS IN PLANT BREEDING
W. GOTTSCHALK
Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn Federal Republic of Germany
Abstract
Gottschalk, W. (1980): Induced mutations in plant breeding. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 233-262.
A review on the results, prospects and difficulties of the application of mutagenesis in plant breeding is given. In many mutants of different crops, quantitative characters have been changed influencing the seed production positively. This holds also true with regard to the flowering and ripening period and the resistance behaviour of a large number of different genotypes. In specific cases, stem fasciation or bifurcation are useful traits which can be utilized for breeding purposes. Alterations of flower and leaf shape and colour are of interest in ornamentals whereas the selection of male-sterile mutants is of considerable value in cross-pollinating crops.
The main difficulties in mutation breeding are the pleiotropic action of the majority of the mutant genes and negative interactions between mutant genes in specific recombinant types. In spite of these difficulties, more than 300 mutant varieties have been officially released during the past decades. This number will increase rapidly during the next years thus demonstrating that mutation breeding is at least for self-pollinating crops a well-functioning method suited to supplement the conventional breeding methods.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 263-269
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.174.015.3
Original scientific paper
POLYMORPHISM OF APPLE ISOPEROXIDASES
P.D. MIŠIĆ, D.V. VINTERHALTER and Radmila TODOROVIĆ
Fruit and Grape Research Station, Research Institute
"PKB - Agroekonomic", Agricultural Combine "Beograd"
11307 Boleč, Beograd, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Mišić, P.D., Vinterhalter, D.V. and Todorović, R. (1980): Polymorphism of apple isoperoxidases.- Genetika, Vol. 12,No. 3,263-269.
Crude enzyme extracts obtained from bark tissues of one year old apple branches were separated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained in order to detect the peroxidases. The investigation included 75 varieties for which peroxidase zymogram patterns were established. The apple peroxidase bands are distributed in 7 clusters: six anodal (A, B, C, D, E and F) and one cathodal (K). The bands from three anodal clusters (C, D and E) are not present in each apple variety. This enzyme polymorphism anables the classification of apple varieties into 20 phenotypic groups. The existence of peroxidase polymorphism among apple varieties can be used to some extent to distinguish between them and for the study of phylogeny.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 271-278
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.13:224.234.2
Original scientific paper
IMPACT OF THE TRI- AND TETRAPLOID MOTHER CYTOPLASM ON THE EMERGENCE AND THE FORMPRODUCING PROCESS OF POLYPLOID PLANTS
N. TOMOV and N. HRISTOV
Maize Institute, Knezha and Vegetable Crops Experimental Station, Gorna Oryahovitsa, Bulgaria
Abstract
Tomov, N. and Hristov, N. (1980): Impact of tri- and tetraploid mother cytoplasm on the emergence and the formproducing process of pofyploid plants. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 271-278.
The study has been carried out on the basis of reciprocal valent crosses 3x x 4x and 4x x 3x between the Bulgarian diploid simple hybrid 2L 602 and the Soviet tetraploid synthetic KTC-1.
It has been established that the ploidy of the mother cytoplasm affects the qualitative content and the frequency of the ploid classes, as well as the growth and development of the newly obtained generations in the case of reciprocal crosses between triploid and tetraploid plants.The tetraploid cytoplasm constitutes favourable material base and the triploid one - a material base inhibiting these processes. The tetraploids and triploids obtained in the 3x x 4x cross have respectively been 29.1 and 70.9 per cent, while those obtained in the 4x x 3x cross - 85.7 and 14.3 per cent. Eutetraploids (2n = 4x = 40) have been produced only from the 4x x 3x cross - 24.3 per cent.
Highly contrasting variations in the phenotype, the architectonics and the development of the plants have also been established. The population from the 4x x 3x origin manifests higher viability of the plants and higher frequency rate of productive plants. These generations demonstrate higher productivity and larger kernels, the average values of their indices reaching 149.2 and 538.0gramms, respectively.
The plants of the 3x x 4x origin are characterized by strongly expressed morphologic deformations and low productivity - 68.3 grammes of kernels per ear. The favourable effect of the tetraploid cytoplasm is most markedly manifested in the aneuploid generations with an even number of the chromosomes of the hypotetraploids subclass.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 279-284
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.7
Original scientific paper
COMBINING ABILITY IN WHEAT CROSSES
M.A. MALEK and S. BOROJEVIĆ
Plant Breeding Division, B.A.R.I., Joydebpur, Dacca, Bangladesh and
Dept. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Malek, M.A. and Borojević, S. (1980): Combining ability in wheat crosses. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 279-284.
Diallel crosses involving six bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated for three components of yield like the number os spikelets per spike, the number of kernels per spike and 1000-kernel weight in F1 generation. Highly significant differences were observed between the lines for all the characters studied.
Both general and specific combining ability effects were highly significant for the three most important final components of yield, but general combining ability appeared to be more important for the number of spikelets per spike and the number of kernels per spike while these were almost equally important for 1000-kernel weight. Generally crosses involving the genetically diverse parents with at least one parent as a good general combiner exhibited high positive specific effects.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 285-301
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.174.015.3
Original scientific paper
ALLOZYME VARIABILITY IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS, L.)
FROM YUGOSLAVIA
Branka TUCIĆ and N. TUCIĆ
Institut za biološka istraživanja "S. Stanković" and
Prirodno-matematički fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija
Abstract
Tucić, B. and Tucić, N. (1980): Allozyme variability in local populations of maize (Zea mays L.) from Yugoslavia. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 285-301.
Genetic variation at 24 loci coding for enzymes in local populations of maize from Yugoslavia was studied. The number of polymorphic loci which determine different enzymatic systems were analysed as well as the degree of their heterozygosity. Degrees of inter- and intrapopulational differences were determined. Genetic distance was found for all five populations of maize.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 303-312
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.7
Original scientific paper
COMBINING ABILITY THROUGH LINE x TESTER ANALYSIS IN RICE
S.P. SINGH, H.G. SINGH and A.K. SINGH
Department of Plant Breeding, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-2, India
Abstract
Singh, S.P., Singh, H.G. and Singh, A.K. (1980): Combining ability through line x tester analysis in rice. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 303-312.
The present study was carried out to assess the genetic architecture of parental material as well as their possible crosses by studying combining ability. General combining ability effects in both the generations showed that male N22 and female cauvery were good general combiners for most of the characters. Similarly Bala, Saket 3, Krishna, FH 109 and C 8585 were also desirable lines. Specific combining ability showed that cauvery x T3 was desirable for most of the characters. Similarly crosses Cauvery x N22, Bala x N22 Krishna x T21, Krishna x T3 and Pusa 2-21 x T21 were desirable. The best crosses for yield per plant involved all sorts of gene interaction, i.e. additive x additive, additive x dominance and dominance x dominance. A close relationship was also observed among per se performance and general combining ability effects.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 313-318
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224.232
Original scientific paper
A NEW TYPE OF CHROMOSOME 1 IN YUGOSLAV MAIZE
Lj. ZEČEVIĆ and Branka TUCIĆ
Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics, Institut for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Zečević, Lj. and Tucić, B. (1980): A new type of chromosome 1 in Yugoslav maize. - Genetika, Vol. 13, No. 3, 313-318.
In a group of inbred lines from Ii generation have been found two characteristic small shaped knobs on the long arm of chromosome 1. These knobs were localized closer to the end of the long arm in relation to the existing large knob on this arm of chromosome 1. New two knobs were denoted with symbols IL1 and 1L2. The new type of chromosome 1 has been present in 8 out of 19 analyzed inbred lines.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 319-330
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.7
Original scientific paper
MAIZE STALK ROT RATINGS AND PREDICTING HYBRID REACTION FROM PARENTAL INBRED REACTIONS
A.L. HOOKER and M. DRAGANIĆ
Department of Agronomy and Plant Pathology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL U.S.A.,
and Maize Research Institute, 11081 Beograd - Zemun, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Hooker, A.L. and Draganić, M. (1980): Maize stalk rot ratings and predicting hybrid reaction from parental inbred reactions. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 319-330.
A new system for rating inoculated maize plants for stalk rot reaction is proposed where split stalks are scored on a 1 (least resistance) to 9 (most resistant) scale. A prediction model for hybrid reaction based on parental inbred line reactions using the formula predicted F1 = (3 high parent rating + low parent rating)/4 agreed well with actual F1 ratings. Considering both grain yield and stalk quality, it is suggested that the most desirable ratings for stalk rot reaction might be in the intermediate to resistant range.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 331-341
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224.46
Original scientific paper
MUTAGENESIS OF THE CELLULOLYTIC FUNGI TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND PENICILLIUM FUNICULOSUM WITH N-METHYL-N' -NITRO -N-NITROSOGUANIDINE (MNNG) AND UV LIGHT
Ivanka PAVUŠEK, Zlata JURIĆ, Antea KORČULANIN, Heidemarie MATANIĆ
and Marija ALAČEVIĆ
Faculty of Technology, University of Zagreb 41000 Zagreb, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Pavusek, I., Jurć, Z., Korčulanin, A., Matanic, H. and Alačević, M.(1980): Mutagenesis of the cellulolytic fungi Trichoderma viride and PenJcillium funiculosum with N-methyl-N-nitro (N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and UV light. - Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3,331-341.
The cellulolytic fungi Trichoderma viride 1253 and Penicillium funiculosum 515 were treated with two mutagens, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and UV light for different times under different conditions of pH and temperature. The obtained mutants were examined for cellulase yield in shake flasks after screening on cellulose agar plants. Cellulose activity was slightly enhanced in only two mutants of P. funiculosum. Regardless of the mutagen used, the cellululase activity of half the isolated survivors was at the level of the wild-type strain. Many mutants of T. viride and P. funiculosum, obtained with MNNG and UV, showed differences in the proportions of endo-c-glucanases, exo-c-glucanases and c-glucosidase when compared with the wild-type strain. Second step mutation of two cellulase inactive mutants of P. funiculosum with MNNG induced reversion of cellulase activity. Cosynthesis between the pairs of cellulase inactive and slightly active MNNG mutants of P. funiculosum was detected which was not the case with the mutants of T. viride.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 12, No.3 (1980), pp. 343-349
© 1980 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224.232
Original scientific paper
INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS BY AN ALKYLATING CYTOSTATIC AGENT AND HYPERTHERMIA IN ISOLATED MAMMALIAN CELLS
Olga DJORDJEVIĆ and Ljiljana KOSTIĆ
Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Nuclear Sciences "Boris Kidrič", Vinča, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Beograd
Abstract
Djordjevic, 0. and Kostic, Lj. (1980): Induction of chromosomal aberrations by an alkylating cytostatic agent and hyperthermia in isolated mammalian cells. Genetika, Vol. 12, No. 3, 343-349.
The effect of an alkylating cytostatic agent m- /di-(2-chloro-ethyi)-amino/-L-phenylalanine (PTC) on the induction of chromosomal aberrations and the possibility of potentiation of the damage by hyperthermia has been studied in L cells. The results show that the incidence of chromosomal aberrations increases by increasing PTC doses and exposure time. Incubation of L cells with PTC in hyperthermic conditions (42°C) does not only increase the number of cells with chromosomal aberrations, but it also enhances the severity of the damage. The repair of chromosomal aberrations is less effective in cells simultaneously exposed to PTC and hyperthermia, than in cells treated only with PTC.