GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 19, No.2 (1987)

Đ. JOCKOVIĆ i B. BJELIĆ and Milica HRUSTIĆ

INHERITANCE OF THE LENGTH OF VEGETATION IN SOYBEANS [Abstract]

P.D. MIŠIĆ, M.A.MIRKOVIĆ, Radmila R. TODOROVIĆ and Lj. JOVANOVIĆ

SELECTION OF PERSIAN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) FROM THE NATIVE POPULATION IN SR SERBIA WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE BEOGRAD REGION [Abstract]

B.VIMALA and B.K.MUKHERJEE

A RAPID LABORATORY SCREENING PROCEDURE FOR BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT OF MAIZE [Abstract]

D. MIŠEVIĆ, N. JOVANDIĆ, J. DUMANOVIĆ, L. KOJIĆ, R.R. GREDER, Julka VREBALOV and Milena MIŠEVIĆ

GENETIC RATES OF GAIN IN HYBRID MAIZE YIELDS IN YUGOSLAVIA IN PERIOD 1966-1984. II. FAO MATURITY GROUPS 200-400 [Abstract]

M.DENIĆ, Kosana KONSTANTINOV, Vesna LAZIĆ-JANČIĆ, Mirjana VULETIĆ and Lidija HALDA

NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN PLANT BREEDING [Abstract]

S.J. SCHELL

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TO PLANT BREEDING [Abstract]

E.J. STEVENS, Suzan J. STEVENS, M.ASLAM, J. DUMANOVIĆ and M.SALEEM

MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IMPROVEMENT FOR COLD TOLERANCE. I. A REVIEW OF GENETIC RESOURCES AND BREEDING STRATEGIES [Abstract]

Vesna NAJFELD

CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN HUMAN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 79-87

Serbia

UDC 575.222.2

Original scientific paper

INHERITANCE OF THE LENGTH OF VEGETATION IN SOYBEANS

Đ. JOCKOVIĆ i B. BJELIĆ and Milica HRUSTIĆ

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Jocković Dj. Belić B. and Hrustić M. (1987): Inheritance of the length of vegetation in soybeans. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 79-87.

Diallel crosses of sic divergent soybean varieties were evaluated for the mode of inheritance, heritability, combining ability and components of genetic variability for the length of vegetation in F₁and F₂ generation. Significant differences in the length of vegetation were found between the parents and their hybrids.

The inheritance of the length of vegetation was most frequently intermediate or partially dominant. The obtained values of broad-sense heritability were rather high, from 54.3% to 91.6%, and 92.0% for narrow-sense heritability. It was found that the inheritance of the length of vegetation in F₁ and F₂ generation was governed by both additive and non-additive gene action.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 89-96

Serbia

UDC 575.174:172

Original scientific paper

SELECTION OF PERSIAN WALNUT (JUGLANS REGIA L.) FROM THE NATIVE POPULATION IN SR SERBIA WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE BEOGRAD REGION

P.D. MIŠIĆ, M.A.MIRKOVIĆ, Radmila R. TODOROVIĆ and Lj. JOVANOVIĆ

Research Institute "PKB-Agroeconomic" Fruit and Grape Research Station, 11307 Boleč, Beograd

Yugoslavia

Abstract

Mišić P.D., Mirković M.A., Todorović R.R. and Jovanović Lj.M. (1986): Selection of Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) from the native population in SR Serbia with special attention to the Beograd region. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 89-96.

The-native Persian walnut population in SR Serbia is rich and; polymorphic.

Selection from the walnut population was made in SR Serbia, particularly in the Beograd region, from 1983 to 1985.

The best walnut selection is 37/MP/83 from Mali Popović, Sopot, Beograd. The selection is resistant to winter and late spring frosts and productive. The fruit weight is 11.4 g and kernel accounting 50.9%.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 97-101

Serbia

UDC 575.172

Original scientific paper

A RAPID LABORATORY SCREENING PROCEDURE FOR BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT OF MAIZE

B.VIMALA and B.K.MUKHERJEE

Division of Genetics, Cummings Laboratory, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India

Abstract

Vimala B. and Mukherjee B.K. (1987): A rapid laboratory screening procedure for banded leaf and sheath blight of maize. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 97-101.

Rapid laboratory screening and scoring procedure for the disease banded leaf and sheath blight of maize caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn f. sp. sasekii Exner was perfected for initial screening prior to field evaluation of breeding materials. A number of inbred lines of maize representing highly resistant to highly susceptible lines were included for the study along with their crosses. The efficiency of laboratory screening vis-a-vis field screening could be established by correlation and tests of significance. A composite screening method based on leaf sheath and leaf sheath + leaf blade has been recommended as the most efficient methodology for rapid initial screening of germplasm.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 103-119

Serbia

UDC 575.222.7:631.524.84

Original scientific paper

GENETIC RATES OF GAIN IN HYBRID MAIZE YIELDS IN YUGOSLAVIA IN PERIOD 1966-1984. II. FAO MATURITY GROUPS 200-400

D. MIŠEVIĆ¹, N. JOVANDIĆ², J. DUMANOVIĆ¹, L. KOJIĆ¹, R.R. GREDER³, Julka VREBALOV² and Milena MIŠEVIĆ⁴

¹Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", 11081 Beograd-Zemun,

²Commission for the Varietal Approbation of Cultivated Plants, 11000 Beograd,

³International Research Exchanges Board, Princeton NJ., U.S A. visiting scientist, Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", 11081 Beograd-Zemun,
⁴Institute for Commercial Study and Organization, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Mišević D., Jovandić N., Dumanović J., Kojić L., Greder R.R., Vrebalov J. and Mišević M. (1987): Genetic rates of gain in hybrid maize yield in Yugoslavia for period 1966-1984. II. FAO maturity groups 200-400. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 103-119.

Genetic gains were estimated using long-term data available from trails conducted by the Commission for Approbation of Cultivated Plants. Changes were followed in the period of 17 years. FAO 200, 300 and 400 maturity groups were selected. Within each group four criteria were used: best yielding hybrid in experiment, mean of all released hybrids, mean of released single crosses and mean of whole experiment.

The objective of this paper was to study changes in grain yield, days to silk, percent water in kernel at harvest and percent lodged plants for the hybrids tested in the period from 1966 to 1984.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 121-127

Serbia

UDC 575.852 : 631522/524

Original scientific paper

NEEDS AND POSSIBILITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN PLANT BREEDING

M.DENIĆ, Kosana KONSTANTINOV, Vesna LAZIĆ-JANČIĆ, Mirjana VULETIĆ and Lidija HALDA

Maize Research Institute, Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Denić M., Konstantinov K., Lazić-Jančić V., Vuletić¹ M. and Halda L. (1987): Needs and possibilities for development of new technologies in plant breeding - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 121-127.

It was estimated that by using only existing cultivation technologies and conventional breeding methods there would be a shortage of food in thirty to forty years. This imposes the development of new technologies especially in plant breeding. New technologies should not be seen as a substitute for conventional crop breeding but rather only as a supplementary method, primarily in cases where it is a matter of improving the property influenced by a single gene. They include more approaches, such as increasing efficiency of photosynthesis, the application of phytohormones for regulating growth, increasing the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, but for breeding purposes two technologies are of importance: tissue, cell and protoplast in culture and technology of recombinant DNA or genetic engineering. Both techniques are very promising, and tissue culture have already proven practical application for several crops, but the range of possibilities resulting from the application of genetic engineering are even more far reaching.

The main principal which evolves genetic engineering in plant breeding is based on the possibility of plant regeneration from protoplasts and the use of T-DNA from Ti-plazmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a molecular vector for gene transfer in other organism. Both of these prerequisites at this stage are of the limited scale for main crops such as cereals. Some encouraging results were achieved in obtained transformed ray plants and transformed maize protoplast. Research pertaining to the use new technologies is a long term character and requires more extensive programmes in molecular biology of plants, such as understanding of mechanisms of gene action and the role of certain genes involved in the activation and exclusion of particular physiological and biochemical processes in plant development.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 129-138

Serbia

UDC 575.852:631.522/524

Review paper

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TO PLANT BREEDING

S.J. SCHELL

Max-Planck-Institut fur Zuchtungsforschung Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany

Abstract

Schell, S.J. (1987): Contributions of plant molecular biology to plant breeding. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 129-138.

Plant breeding relies on changing the genetic properties of crops in order to optimize them for agricultural purposes. The classical breeding methods have some limitations: one can choose useful genetic traits available in plants closely related to the crops one is attempting to improve; the process of crossing and backcrossing in order to select the best possible combination of genetic properties is usually a fairly lengthy one. This is because one combines the entire genome of each of the partners in the cross. Among large number of combinations only a very few will be satisfactory and finding these requires considerable time, effort and skill.

New strategy that consists in looking for any living organism (plant, bacteria, fungus, animal etc) that carries the desired that and from which the gene(s) controlling this trait can be isolated by recombinant DNA techniques, can be followed. Such an isolated gene must then be "reprogrammed" in the laboratory in order to become a functional plant gene. The isolated and reprogrammed gene can be inserted in the genome of a wide variety of crop plants by the use of gene-transfer vectors. Stops in the new strategy important for plant manipulations are discussed in this paper: The development of gene-transfer vectors for plants and the development of expression of vectors.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 139-157

Serbia

UDC 575.164: 631.524.85

Original scientific paper

MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IMPROVEMENT FOR COLD TOLERANCE. I. A REVIEW OF GENETIC RESOURCES AND BREEDING STRATEGIES

E.J. STEVENS, Suzan J. STEVENS, M.ASLAM, J. DUMANOVIĆ and M.SALEEM

Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)/International

Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Collaborative Programme, P.O. Box 1237, Islamabad, Pakistan Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, P.O. Box 1031, Islamabad, Pakistan Maize Research Institute"Zemun Polje", 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia

and Cereal Crop Research Institute, Pirsabak, NWFP, Pakistan

Abstract

Stevens E.J., Stevens S.J., Aslam M., Dumanović J. and Saleem M. (1987): Maize (Zea mays L.) improvement for cold tolerance. I. A review of genetic resources and breeding strategies. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 139-157.

This article is a review on genetic resources and breeding strategies for cold tolerance with a perspective of a planned collaboration in an international network. This collaboration would accelerate the enhancement of maize germ plasm concurrently for cold tolerance, a broader range of stress complexes, and other desirable agronomic characteristics.

Low temperatures can affect the growth of maize in at least three distinct ways: (i) by inhibiting or slowing germination and seedling emergence; (ii) by inhibiting or slowing photosynthetically-based growth; (iii) by freezing plant tissue. Two general approaches have been used for accelerated germplasm enhancement concurrently for cold tolerance, generalized stress tolerance, and improved agronomic characteristics: (i) screening traditional temperateur breeding populations to develop superior cultivars, (ii) screening improved and unimproved exotic germplasm for new sources of cold tolerance. The understanding and exploitation of knowledge of specific genetic systems and physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in cold tolerance has tended to support rather than lead applied empirical initiatives.

Breeding advances for cold tolerance in maize including improved exotic germplasm, which have been made over the past ten years, have broader application than is currently realized. This includes improving commercial and subsistence maize production from cool environments throughout the developed and developing world. Prospects for commercially exploiting cold tolerance and disease resistance complexes by introgressing improved exotic materials into traditional temperate germplasm are excellent. This includes cool maize production environments where tropical and temperate disease complexes overlap; and disease resistant, early maturing, cold tolerant germplasm has not previously been available.

Cold tolerant maize populations and potential sources of germplasm, including tropical, subtropical and temperate materials are being held, maintained, researched, and bred by a diverse collection of organizations and institutions scattered through out the developed and developing world. In spite of increasing interest, and established commercial potential for breeding for cold tolerance in maize, there are no coordinating bodies responsible for facilitating global activities. Greater emphasis, therefore, needs be given to strengthening direct linkages within and between developed and developing countries with complementary activities in maize improvement for cold tolerance. This aspect of maize improvement for tolerance to environmental stress is currently to our knowledge, neither being addressed by, nor is considered the mandate of any international organization.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 19, No.2 (1987), pp. 159-180

Serbia

UDC 575.224.23

Review paper

CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN HUMAN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA

Vesna NAJFELD

Tumor Cytogenetics, Polly Annenberg Levee Hematology Center, Mount Sinai Medical Center, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, N.Y. 10029, U.S.A.

Abstract

Najfeld V. (1987): Chromosome abnormalities in human leukemia and lymphoma. - Genetika, Vol. 19, No. 2, 159-180.

Chromosome studies of marrow cells derived from patients with neoplastic hematological disorders, have contributed to a clearer understanding of the biology of leukemia and related disorders. In this paper, a summary of the most frequent chromosome abnormalities consistently detected in leukemia and lymphoma, is reviewed. Most of the studied diseases have clonal chromosome rearrangements, as an acquired cytogenetic abnormality. These specific karyotypic rearrangements are explored in this review with respect to the prognosis, classification and pathogenesis of each neoplastic entity. The progression of neoplasia is usually accompanied by an increase in karyotypic instability. Moreover, dissection of chromosomal segments is reviewed with respect to the current notion that different regions on the same chromosome are known to play different, but important, roles in different neoplasia. Thus, the 14qll region is known to be always involved in T-cell malignancy, while the terminal region of chromosome 13, q34, is only involved in neoplasia of B-lymphoid origin.

Chromosome studies in combination with other genetic systems, such as G6PD cellular mosaicism, have contributed to the present understanding that all leukemic disorders studied are clonal diseases, and that leukemic blast cells are capable of differentiating into the mature elements. For the myeloproliferative diseases, these models have provided enough experimental data to support the theory of a multistep pathogenesis, which is also explored in this review.

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