GENETIKA, Vol. 20, No.1 (1988)
W. GOTTSCHALK
STABLE AND ISTABLE PISUM GENOTYPES IN PHYTOTRON TRIALS [Abstract]
J.N. GOVIL, B.R. MURTY and J. KUMAR
ADAPTABILITY OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE GERMPLASM OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.) [Abstract]
L. KOVAČEV and Snežana MEZEI
COMBINING ABILITY IN ISOGENIC POPULATIONS OF SUGARBEET [Abstract]
I. MIHALJEV and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
ECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT IN WHEAT [Abstract]
Mirjana MILOŠEVIĆ and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD COMPONENTS IN PEA [Abstract]
S. GUPTA, Z. AHMAD and R.B. GUPTA
A STUDY OF GENE EFFECTS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS BY DIFFERENT DIALLEL MODELS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) [Abstract]
S.A. PAUNOVIĆ, Zorica BOKIĆ and Branka BRACKOVIĆ
THE LEAF GLAND GEOTYPE AND LEVEL OF SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PEACHES, CLINGSTONE PEACHES AND NECTARINES TO POWDERY MILDEW [Abstract]
Kosana KONSTANTINOV, M. DENIĆ and J. DUMANOVIĆ
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY IN MAIZE BREEDING. IV. RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR DNA IN MAIZE INBREDS AND HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT MATURITY RATINGS [Abstract]
Emilija STOJIMIROVIĆ, Branislava AJDARIĆ and V. IVANOVIĆ-DERETIĆ
ABNORMAL KARYOTYPE IIq-(q24) RlNG 9 IN A CHILD WITH AMOL (M5) [Abstract]
Maja KRAJINOVIĆ, Ljiljana RUMENIĆ-GARZIČIĆ and Vukosava DIKLIĆ
THE SOLID TUMOUR KARYOTYPING TECHNIQUE APPLIED TO CHORIONIC VILLI [Abstract]
E.J. STEVENS, Susan J. STEVENS, W.C. CARHART, M. ASLAM, J. DUMANOVIĆ and M. SALEEM
MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IMPROVEMENT FOR COLD TOLERANCE. II. EXPLOITING CROP PHENOLOGY IN MULTILOCATIONAL BREEDING PROGRAMS [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 1-7
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224/172
Original scientific paper
STABLE AND ISTABLE PISUM GENOTYPES IN PHYTOTRON TRIALS
W. GOTTSCHALK
Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, D5300 Bonn, FR Germany
Abstract
Gottschalk W. (1988): Stable and istable pisum genotypes in phytotron trials. – Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 1-7
A great number of Pisum mutants and recombinants were repeatedly studied .under the same phytotron conditions in order to check the reliability of the mean values for different plant characters obtained. The. great majority of the genotypes tested were found to be stable. They show a certain degree of tolerance against unavoidable small changes of the phytotron conditions which do not markedly influence their reaction. Very few genotypes were found to be instable, strongly reacting to insignificant differences of the phytotron conditions. Four of them were studied in 2 to 5 subsequent trials and compared with stable genotypes with regard to their flowering behaviour in three different photoperiods.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 9-24
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21
Original scientific paper
ADAPTABILITY OF GENETICALLY DIVERSE GERMPLASM OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)
J.N. GOVIL, B.R. MURTY and J. KUMAR
Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110012, India
Abstract
Govil J.N., B.R. Murty and J. Kumar (1988): Adaptability of genetically diverse germplasm of chickpea (Cicer arietinwn L.). - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 9-24.
The role of genetic divergence in relation to phenotypic stability was studied among 45 varieties of chickpea germplasm representing 527 lines of a world collection collected from 22 countries. Genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistic was carried out during each of four successive years and also on the basis of a pooled analysis for yield contributing characters. Considerable diversity within and among clusters was noted. Thirty varieties were found to be moderately stable in the grouping over the years. IBP810 of Mexican origin was the exceptional variety which fell in cluster I throughout the analysis and also showed the maximum phenotypic stability with the highest mean for yield and the least deviation from the regression slope. Therefore, selection of parents for stability of performance does not influence the variability for characters responsible for productivity. Interactor varieties have shown sensitivity to environmental change and have given low yields compared to stable genotypes. Differential gene expression for plant type, seed size and maturity was the cause of variation among interactors.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 25-32
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.7 : 631.523.84
Original scientific paper
COMBINING ABILITY IN ISOGENIC POPULATIONS OF SUGARBEET
L. KOVAČEV and Snežana MEZEI
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Kovačev L. and S. Mazei (1988): Combining ability in isogenic populations of sugarbeet. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 25-32.
General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for the most important quantitative characters, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield were studied in two isogenic populations (cms 45, 45aa; cms 90. 90aa). The populations differed not only in the source of male sterility (cytoplasmic-nuclear, and nuclear) but also in the type of cytoplasm (sterile and fertile). Statistical computations were done by the method Line x Tester after S i n g h and Choudhary (1976). The isogenic maternal components did not differ significantly in GCA. Likewise, the isogenic hybrids did not differ in SCA for all characters. Correlations between GCA and the examined production characters were low and they differed from year to year.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 33-38
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21:631.523.022
Original scientific paper
ECOLOGICAL STABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS AND GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT IN WHEAT
I. MIHALJEV and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Mihaljev, I. and M. Kraljević-Balalić, (1987): Ecological stability of yield components and grain protein content in wheat. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 33-38.
The aim of this investigation was to study the ecological stability of direct yield components and grain protein content in some wheat genotypes (cultivars and F1 hybrids). Stability parameters were computed using the model of Eberhart and Russell (1966).
Regarding the number of kernels per spike the most stable was the genotype Siete Cerros, for the kernel weight per spike the F1 hybrid Sava x Siete Cerros, and for grain protein content the F1 combination Sava x Bezostaja-1. This allows us to assume that some genotypes exhibit winder and some narrower adaptability and that individual characters perform differently.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 39-46
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.2: 631.524.84
Original scientific paper
COMBINING ABILITY FOR YIELD COMPONENTS IN PEA
Mirjana MILOŠEVIĆ and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Milošević, M. and Kraljević-Balalić, M. (1988): Combining ability for yield components in pea. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 39-46.
A 6 x 6 diallel analysis, excluding reciprocals, was done in F1 and F2 generations to obtain data on gene action in pea. Both additive and non-additive gene actions control the expression of pod number per plant, number of grains per pod and grain weight per plant. A preponderance of additive gene action over non-additive was observed for all the investigated characters.
The cultivar with best GCA value for number of pods and grain weight per plant was Stern, and the poorest combiner for all three characters, Express Aljaska.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 47-51
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.2:631.523.4
Original scientific paper
A STUDY OF GENE EFFECTS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS BY DIFFERENT DIALLEL MODELS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
S. GUPTA, Z. AHMAD and R.B. GUPTA
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002, India
Abstract
Gupta S., Z.Ahmad and R.B. Gupta (1988): A study of gene effects for some quantitative traits by different diallel models in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 47-51.
A study of gene effects for 13 traits in wheat was made in 8 x 8 diallel cross experiment applying 3 models of diallel. The graphical model revealed additive gene effects for plant height, 1000-grain weight, seed hardness, tryptophan content, coleoptile length and radicle length. The component analysis model indicated additive gene effects for all the traits except productive tillers, grain yield, harvest index, protein content and first-count test, while the dominance component was significant for all the traits, except productive tillers, harvest index, first-count test and root area spread. In the model of combining ability, the estimates of SCA variances were found to be higher than those of GCA variances for all the traits except 1000-grain weight, radicle length and root area spread. The consistent nature of over dominance was observed for productive tillers, seed hardness, protein content, tryptophan content and first count test in all the diallel genetic models.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 53-62
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222:631.524.86
Original scientific paper
THE LEAF GLAND GEOTYPE AND LEVEL OF SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PEACHES, CLINGSTONE PEACHES AND NECTARINES TO POWDERY MILDEW
S.A. PAUNOVIĆ, Zorica BOKIĆ and Branka BRACKOVIĆ
1 Faculty of Agronomy, 32000 Čačak, Yugoslavia and
2 RO “Popovo polje”, 79300 Trebinje, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Paunović A.S., Z. Bokić and B. Bracković (1988): The leaf gland genotype and level of susceptibility of peaches, clingstone peaches and nectarines to powdery mildew. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 53-62.
A total of 41 peach and nectarine cvs were comparatively studied in orchards and the laboratory to discover the real presence of leaf gland genotype and its relation to the level of susceptibility to powdery mildew. Some authors have not designated precisely the genotype of leaf glands on their peach cvs. Thus, on peach trees of the same culltivars frequently can be found besides R/R, also other types of glands (Rr or R/R-Rr) or leaves without glands (r/r) which have not designated by the authors of the cultivar. Also within the same leaf gland genotype unequality in size and expression of leaf glands occurs. Strong correlation does not exists between the designated genotype of leaf glands and the level of susceptibility of peach and nectarine cvs to powdery mildew and in many cases no correlation at all. For precise information about the level of susceptibility to; powdery mildew the genotype of leaf glands should be known of the cultivar and also of their parents i.e. ancestors. Very resistant peach cvs have R/R and large glands, while cultivars without glands (r/r) are strongly susceptible. The level of susceptibility to powdery mildew depends on gene resources, focus of infection and climatic conditions of the year.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 63-71
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.852'113
Original scientific paper
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY IN MAIZE BREEDING. IV. RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR DNA IN MAIZE INBREDS AND HYBRIDS OF DIFFERENT MATURITY RATINGS
Kosana KONSTANTINOV, M. DENIĆ and J. DUMANOVIĆ
Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", 11081 Beograd-Zemun, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Konstantinov K., M. Denić and J. Dumanović (1988): Recombinant DNA technology in maize breeding. IV. Restriction endonuclease analysis of nuclear DNA in maize inbreds and hybrids of different maturity ratings. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 63-71.
Combination of the already well developed methods of conventional genetics and methods of molecular biology enables genetic variability to be studied at the DNA level. In this report a genomic clone from the Wx-locus was used to investigate quantitative polymorphism of maize genotypes belonging to different maturity groups. Methylation site polymorphism was also studied in this locus by using the endonulcease pair Hpa II/MspI. The results obtained are conclusive, meaning that Rsal and Ddel polymorphism of genomic DNAs could be used as a market for maturity rating of maize. The methylation level is different both between parental lines and their crosses.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 73-77
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224.232 : 576.316.7
Original scientific paper
ABNORMAL KARYOTYPE IIq-(q24) RlNG 9 IN A CHILD WITH AMOL (M5)
Emilija STOJIMIROVIĆ, Branislava AJDARIĆ and V. IVANOVIĆ-DERETIĆ
Pediatic Clinic, Paucity of Medicine, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Stojimirović E., B. Ajdarić and V. Ivanović-Deretić (1988): Abnormal karyotype IIq-(q24) ring 9 in a child with AMOL M5. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 73-77.
Bone marrow karyotype was determined in a 3-year-old girl with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia ANLL, AMOL M5 (FAB) at the illness onset. Besides a normal karyotype, the findings showed the presence of a cell clone with karyotype Ilq-(q24), ring 9. This cytogenetic abnormality has not been reported yet in AMOL M5. The authors pointed out the significance of cytogenetic evaluation in malignant hemopathies and the importance of determination of specific chromosomal aberrations.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 79-85
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575'3 : 576.08
Original scientific paper
THE SOLID TUMOUR KARYOTYPING TECHNIQUE APPLIED TO CHORIONIC VILLI
Maja KRAJINOVIĆ, Ljiljana RUMENIĆ-GARZIČIĆ and Vukosava DIKLIĆ
Institute of Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Krajinović M., Lj. Rumenić-Garzičić and V. Diklić (1988): The solid tumour karyotyping technique applied to chorionic villi. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 79-85.
Chorionic villi samples were obtained in the first trimester of gestation by transcervical aspiration from 40 women several days before the artificial termination of pregnancy. The modified technique of tumour tissue direct chromosome preparation was applied to the chorionic villi. The technique presented enables a sufficient number of mitoses with a good chromosome quality to be obtained quickly and easily which permits the use of GTG-banding technique.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 20, No.1 (1988), pp. 87-99
© 1988 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.222.2:631.525
Original scientific paper
MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) IMPROVEMENT FOR COLD TOLERANCE. II. EXPLOITING CROP PHENOLOGY IN MULTILOCATIONAL BREEDING PROGRAMS
E.J. STEVENS1, Susan J. STEVENS1, W.C. CARHART2, M. ASLAM3, J. DUMANOVIĆ4 and M. SALEEM5
1 ARC/CIMMYT Collaborative Program, P.O. Box 1237 Islamabad, Pakistan
2 University of Nebraska, Lincoln NE 68583, USA
3 Pakistan Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
4 Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, P.O. Box 89, 11080 Beograd-Zemun, Yugoslavia
5 Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI), Pirsabak, NWFP, Pakistan
Abstract
Stevans E.J., S.J. Stevans, W.C. Carhart, M. Aslam, J. Dumanović and M. Saleem (1988): Maize (Zea mays L.) improvement for cold tolerance. II. Exploiting crop phenology in multilocational breeding programs. - Genetika, Vol. 20, No. 1, 87-99.
Cold tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) can be considered as a problem of growth and development (i.e. phenology), including survival and productivity in cool environments. Low temperatures can affect the growth of maize in at least three distinct ways by: (a) inhibiting or slowing germination and seedling emergence; (b) inhibiting or slowing photosynthetically based growth; (c) freezing plant tissue.
As the genetic diversity and range of environmental adaptation of cold tolerant maize ermplasm has expanded so have the advantages of networking cold tolerant genetic resources within multilocational/multinational programs. This has required expanded understanding and formalization of logic for exploiting crop phenology in cold tolerance breeding programs. Comparisons of early seedling vigour, leaf emergence rates, and grain filling characteristics provide examples of phonological criteria which can be used to identify superior cold tolerant genotypes within breeding populations.
In cool environments, cold tolerant cultivars tend to emerge faster, grow more rapidly, mature earlier, and yield grain with a lower moisture content at harvest than their normal counterparts without sacrificing grain yield. Alternatively, later maturing cold tolerant cultivars can be planted earlier at the same location in cool environments where they will continue to fill grain under cooler conditions than their normal counterparts. Stay-green characteristics and improved potential for fodder production are also common in maize cultivars which display superior autotrophic growth at low temperatures.
Literature on crop phenology and sources of G x E (genotype by environment interaction) which can reduce the efficiency of multilocational cold tolerant breeding programs which use crop phenology data in empirical multi- trait selection criteria are reviewed in this article. Perspectives are presented which collaborators in the multinational network are finding useful for accelerated maize germplasm enhancement concurrently for cold tolerance, a broader range of stress complexes, and other desirable agronomic characteristics.