GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 26, No.1 (1994)

N. DELIĆ and R. PETROVIĆ

IDENTIFICATION OF SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS AS DONORS OF FAVOURABLE ALLELES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ELITE MAIZE SINGLE CROSS (ZEA MAYS L.) [Abstract]

R. KRISHNA1 and D.K. DWIVEDI

GENETICS OF YIELD TRAITS IN WHEAT [Abstract]

M. BABIĆ and Zorica PAJIĆ

INHERITANCE OF POPPING VOLUME IN POPCORN HYBRIDS (ZEA MAYS L. EVERTA) [Abstract]

Z AHMAD and R. KRISHNA

GENETICS OF YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT [Abstract]

R. KRISHNA and Lalmani RAM

HETEROSIS IN BREAD WHEAT [Abstract]

D. KNEŽEVIĆ and M. MENKOVSKA

THE HMW GLUTENIN SUBUNITS AND Glu-1 ALLELE COMPOSITIONS OF MACEDONIAN WHEAT VARIETIES [Abstract]

Vesna TOMIĆ, Slavenka JOVANOVIĆ and D. MARINKOVIĆ

GENETIC HOMOZYGOSITY AND THE OCURRENCE OF ALLERGIE BRONEHIAL ASTHMA [Abstract]

G. CEKUŠ

VARIATIONS OF HAIR LIMITS ON THE FOREHEAD IN SAMPLES FROM NORTHERN SERBIA [Abstract]

R.V.ŽIKIĆ, Mirjana KRAJNOVIĆ-OZRETIĆ and D. BANKOVIĆ

ESTERASE ISOENZYME VARIATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ADRIATIC SARDINE (Sardina pilchardus Walb.) [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 1-11

Serbia

UDC 631.52.633.15

Original scientific paper

IDENTIFICATION OF SYNTHETIC POPULATIONS AS DONORS OF FAVOURABLE ALLELES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE ELITE MAIZE SINGLE CROSS (ZEA MAYS L.)

N. DELIĆ and R. PETROVIĆ

Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Delić, N. and R. Petrović (19⁽)4): Identification of synthetic populations as donors of favourable alleles for the improvement of the elite maize single cross (Zea mays L.) - Genetika, Vol. 26, No 1, 1-11.

The main goal of this paper was to evaluate seven synthetic populations as sources for improving the elite hybrid (B73 x Mo 17). In the search for a measure to estimate the relative value of the chosen synthetic populations, the general combining abilities (GCA), relative number of favourable dominant (μG) and unfavourable recessive alleles (μD or μF), and coefficient of rank correlation (r_s) were estimated for grain yield, ear length and number of kernel rows per ear.

The best donor for the improvement of grain yield of the hybrid B73 x Mo17 was the synthetic population Tuxpeno CO (μG =1.69), which had the best GCA values too.

All the populations investigated were more closely related genetically to the parent B73 for the majority of traits examined.

Populations with a high frequency of unfavourable alleles for a certain trait, could have favourable alleles for this trait, at the class loci where parents of the hybrid to be improved (B73 x Mo17) have fixed unfavourable alleles.

Key words: Synthetic population, allele

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 13-20

Serbia

UDC 631.52:633.11

Original scientific paper

GENETICS OF YIELD TRAITS IN WHEAT

R. KRISHNA¹ and D.K. DWIVEDI

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

N.D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad 224229, India

Abstract

Krishna R., and D.K. Dwivedi (1994): Genetics of yield traits in wheat. - Genetika, Vol. 26. No. 1, 13-20.

The genetic architecture of yield and component traits was studied in all possible 36 crosses in the F₂ generation of 9 diverse parents of bread wheat. The analysis of variance was significant for the F₂ generation, parents (except productive tillers) and parents Vs F₂_S for all the characters. A predominant role non-additive gene action was observed in the inheritance of these traits. Heritability estimates were high for spike length, grains/spike and spikelets/spike and moderate for the rest of the traits. Expected genetic advance was low for all the traits. The SCA variance was predominant for all the traits indicating the importance of dominance effects. The parents C306, UP115 and Sonalika were high combiners. The F_{2 c}rosses having high SCA effects also had high SCA effects for component traits and per se performance.

Key words: Diallele, combining ability, bread wheat

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 21-30

Serbia

UDC 631.52:633.15.2

Original scientific paper

INHERITANCE OF POPPING VOLUME IN POPCORN HYBRIDS (ZEA MAYS L. EVERTA)

M. BABIĆ and Zorica PAJIĆ

Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", 11000 Belgrade-Zemun, - Yugoslavia

Abstract

Babić M. and Z. Pajić (1994): Inheritance of popping volume in popcorn hybrids (Zea mays L. everta). - Genetika, Vol. 26, No. 1, 21-30.

Increase of the popping volume is the main aim of popcorn breeding programs. Popping volume and yield are traits caused by several heredity factors. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain superior genotypes for both traits. However, it is possible to develop genotypes with good popping volume and satisfactory yield. According to analysis of variance of the combining abilities, significant GCA and SCA effects exist for both locations. Therefore it can be stated that popping volume is influenced both by additive and non-additive gene effects. Analysis of variance of genetic components for popping volume indicates that the additive component (D), as well as dominant components (H₁ and H₂) significantly affected the inheritance of this trait in popcorn. The number of dominant alleles in the expression of popping volume was higher than the number of recessive alleles in parents involved in the diallele cross. This is understandable considering that the inbred lines had been highly selected for popping volume. In this investigation, superdominance was manifested in the inheritance of popping volume. The highest popping volume was obtained after crossing an inbred line having the lowest popping volume with an inbred line having a high popping volume, in both locations. These results indicate that inbred lines with low popping volume could be a significant factor in crossings with inbred lines with high popping volume.

Key words: Popcorn hybrid, additive component, dominant component

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 31-35

Serbia

UDC 631.52:633.11

Original scientific paper

GENETICS OF YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT

Z AHMAD and R. KRISHNA

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,

C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur 208002, India

Abstract

Ahmad Z. and R. Krishna (1994): Genetics of yield in spring wheat. - Genetika, Vol. 24, No. 1, 31-35.

Line x tester analysis was conducted with 18 newly developed lines and 4 testers of spring wheat. The analysis of variance exhibited significant variation for crosses, parents Vs crosses and line x tester interaction for harvest index, productive tillers, spike length, grains/spike, grain weight/spike, test weight and grain yield. The SCA variance was predominant for all the traits indicating the importance of dominance effects. The parents WL 711 and HD 2160 were high combiners. The crosses having high SCA effects also had high expression of heterosis.

Key words: Spring wheat, combining ability

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 37-42

Serbia

UDC 633.11

Original scientific paper

HETEROSIS IN BREAD WHEAT

R. KRISHNA and Lalmani RAM

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N. D. University of Agriculture and Technology, Faizabad 224229, India

Abstract

Krishna R. and L. Ram (1994): Heterosis in bread wheat. - Genetika, Vol. 26, No. 1, 37-42.

In a 9 x 9 diallel set of wheat hybrids substantially large heterosis over the better parent as well as over the standard variety, Sonalika was observed for grain yield and related traits. Heterosis for grain yield ranged from -61.61 to 65.07 over the better parent and from 21.15 to 73.71 over the standard variety. High standard heterosis as well as over better parent was observed in nine crosses which also showed both types of heterosis for related traits. These combinations can be exploited for heterosis breeding.

Key words: Heterosis, wheat, diallel

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 43-49

Serbia

UDC 577.2:633.11

Original scientific paper

THE HMW GLUTENIN SUBUNITS AND Glu-1 ALLELE COMPOSITIONS OF MACEDONIAN WHEAT VARIETIES

D. KNEŽEVIĆ¹ and M. MENKOVSKA²

¹Institute for Small Grains, Kragujevac 34000, Yugoslavia
²Zyto Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia

Abstract

Knezević D. and M. Menkovska (1994): The HMW glutenin subunits and Glu-1 allele composition of Macedonian wheat varieties. - Genetika, Vol. 26, No. 1, 43-49.

The high molecular weight (HMW) subunits of glutenin in 8 Macedonian wheat varieties were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis to identify their alleles and the frequency of each allele was calculated. The HMW subunits of glutenin are encoded by three loci, Glui-A1, Glu-B1l and Glu-D1. Seven different allels from the three (Glu-1 loci were recognized, two at the Glu-Al locus, three at the Glu-B1 locus and two at the Glu-D1 locus. Each allele at these loci controlled one or two glutenin subunits. The most frequent allele was Glu-A1cc (62.5%) - Glu-B1c (62.5%.) and Glu-D1a (62.5%). The analysed varieties possessed between three and five HMW glutenin subunits.

Key words: Glutenin, allele composition, electrophoresis

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 51-56

Serbia

UDC 575

Original scientific paper

GENETIC HOMOZYGOSITY AND THE OCURRENCE OF ALLERGIE BRONEHIAL ASTHMA

Vesna TOMIĆ¹, Slavenka JOVANOVIĆ² and D. MARINKOVIĆ³

^lClinics of Allergology and Immunology;

²Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine;
³Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Tomić V., S. Janković and D. Marinković (1994): Genetic homozygosity and the ocurrence of allergie bronehial asthma. - Genetika, Vol 26. No. 1, 51-56.

An analysis of 28 mono- and oligogentically determined morphophysiological traits, was carried out in a sample of 100 persons affected by allergic bronchial asthma, as well as in their spouses as controls. The incidence of homo-recessive characters - indicated that the total number was about the same among patients and control individuals. A different type of distribution of the traits studied was found suggesting that the two samples could be genetically different. Although two different genetic samples seem to exist, it appears that accumulated genetic loads are not the sole cause of disease, and that the prevalence of dominant factors in polygenic regulation may be of primary importance for disease occurrence.

Key words: Genetic homozygosity, allergie bronehial asthma, the hereditary mechanism

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 57-62

Serbia

UDC 575

Original scientific paper

VARIATIONS OF HAIR LIMITS ON THE FOREHEAD IN SAMPLES FROM NORTHERN SERBIA

G. CEKUŠ

F. Kluza 23, 24107 Subotica, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Cekus G. (1994): Variations of hair limits on the forehead in samples from Northern Serbia, - Genetika, Vol. 26, No. 1, 57-62.

This study is part of a systematic anthropological and genetical observation of schoolchildren from Northern Serbia-the area surrounding Subotica. During the research, all pupils from four settlements were examined, a total number of 1266 (652 boys and 614 girls). The convex hair limit was most frequently noticed (34.75 per cent), which was valid both for boys (33.44 per cent) and girls (36. 16 per cent). The heart-shaped type appeared more seldom, namely, in 25.90 per cent of girls and in a slightly smaller proportion, 24.08 per cent, of boys. The convex type was most frequently noticed in each settlement, from 31.97 per cent (in Hajdukovo) to 38.89 per cent (in B. Vinogradi). According to age group the frequency of this type varied from 21.55 per cent (14-year-olds) to 45.36 per cent

(7-year-olds).

Key words: Hair limit, antropological and genetical observation, schoolchildren

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 26, No.1 (1994), pp. 63-72

Serbia

UDC 577.151.64

Original scientific paper

ESTERASE ISOENZYME VARIATION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ADRIATIC SARDINE (Sardina pilchardus Walb.)

R.V.ŽIKIĆ¹, Mirjana KRAJNOVIĆ-OZRETIĆ² and D. BANKOVIĆ¹

¹Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Yugoslavia

²Center for Marine Research, Rovinj, Croatia

Abstract

Žikić V.R., Mirjana Krajnović- Ozretić and D. Branković (1994): Esterase isoenzyme variation and genetic diversity of the Adriatic sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walb). - Genetika, Vol. 26, No. 1, 63-72.

Isozymic esterase patterns of zone I (Es-1) in the liver of Adriatic sardines are genetically controlled by four co-dominant autosomal alleles at a single locus (Krajnović-Ozretić and Žikić. 1982). The analysis of allele frequencies of the esterase system (Es-1) and the analysis of genetic diversity (Nei, 1972) carried out in our present work showed that there are great similarities between samples of sardines in the Adriatic sea. Values of genetic identity and genetic distance as well as the values of diversity within the samples of sardines, between samples within a particular fishing season, diversity of samples between different fishing seasons, and the total variability showed that the population of sardines was homogenous in respect to the esterase system Es-I.

Key words: Esterase isoenzyme, genetic diversity, sardine

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