GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 27, No.3 (1995)

Borivoje JOVANOVIĆ, Yueming VAN, Slaven PRODANOVIĆ and Novica MLADENOV

GENETIC MODELS OF WHEAT GLIADIN COMPONENTS IN THE F2 GENERATION OF SKOPJANKA x AGROUNIJA CROSS [Abstract]

Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Sofija PETROVIĆ, Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ and Jadranka IVEZIĆ

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT [Abstract]

Sofija PETROVIĆ, Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ and M. DIMITRIJEVIĆ

THE MODE OF INHERITANCE AND GENE EFFECTS FOR PLANT HEIGHT AND HARVEST INDEX IN DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES [Abstract]

Đorde JOCKOVIĆ, Miloš VIDIĆ, Milica HRUSTIĆ, Milisav STOJAKOVIĆ, Rasko POPOV, Goran BEKAVAC and Nenad VASIĆ

COMBINING ABILITY OF 1000-SEED MASS OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINEMAX. (L.) MERR.) [Abstract]

Nevena KUPREŠANIN, Snežana MEZEI, Z. KESEROVIĆ, N. MIĆIĆ and L. KOVAČEV

ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME STAGES OF EMBRYOGENESIS IN SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) [Abstract]

Branislav KOVAČEVIĆ, Vojislav GUZINA, Saša ORLOVIĆ and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ

VARIABILITY OF LEAF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF INTRA AND INTERSPECIES HYBRID FAMILIES OF EASTERN COTTONWOOD (POPULUS DELTOIDES BARTR.) [Abstract]

J. DUMANOVIC

PLANT BREEDING AND GENETIC VULNERABILITY [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 151-158

Serbia

UDC 633.11:575.222.7

Original scientific paper

GENETIC MODELS OF WHEAT GLIADIN COMPONENTS IN THE F₂ GENERATION OF SKOPJANKA x AGROUNIJA CROSS

Borivoje JOVANOVIĆ¹, Yueming VAN², Slaven PRODANOVIĆ¹ and Novica MLADENOV³

¹Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

²Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing City, China

³Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Jovanović B., Y. Yan, S. Prodanović and N. Mladenov (1995): Genetic models of wheat gliadin composition in the F₂generation of Skopjanka x Agrounija cross. -Genetika, Vol. 27. No. 3, 151 - 158.

Inheritance of gliadin components in the F₂ generation of a Skopjanka x Agrounija cross was studied by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). At the beginning, the differences between gliadin blocks (alleles) and electrophoretic bands in the parental genotypes were identified. It was found that they had similar blocks at Gli-B1, GH-B2 and Gli-Dl loci, while they differed at Gli-A1 and G1J-A2 loci. Skopjanka had Gli-Alb and Gli-A2h whereas Agrounija contained Gli-Alf and Gli-A2b. A total of 12 gliadin bands that are not common to both parental cultivars was found, namely α₈₂, α₉₂, α₉₆, β₇₃, and γ₅₇ in Skopjanka only and α₈₆, α₈₈, α₉₀, α₉₅, γ₅₃, ω₂₇and ω₃₀in Agrounija only. On the basis of the presence or absence of these bands, genetic models of the gliadin components in the F₂ generation were determined by using the % test. The results showed that both pairs of blocks (alleles) are inherited codominantly, while eleven out of the twelve bands were controlled by one gene. The remaining band (α₉₅) was coded by two independent genes.

Key words: Electrophoresis, gliadins, inheritance, wheat

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 159-168

Serbia

UDC 633.11:631.524.022

Original scientific paper

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC VARIABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT

Miodrag DIMITRIJEVIĆ¹, Sofija PETROVIĆ¹, Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ¹ and Jadranka IVEZIĆ²

¹Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, University of Novi Sad

²Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Dimitrijević M., S. Petrović, M. Kraljević-Balalić and J. Ivezić (1995): Environmental and genetic variability of yield components in wheat. - Genetika. Vol. 27, No. 3, 159 - 168.

There were 28 divergent wheat varieties from all over the World examined in three year trials for vaiability and components of phenotypic variability. Three traits were studied: plant height and plant weight, as important variety characteristics closely related to harvest index, and grain weight per plant, as substantial grain yield component. Chosen genotypes were significantly different for all considered traits. Grain weight per plant appeared to have the highest coefficient of variation (V=17%), while the lowest value had plant height (V=7%). Plant height and plant weight showed variation from year to year. However, year to year variation for grain weight per plant did not come out. According to ANOVA, highly significant interactions between the genotype and environment occurred for all three traits. The genetic component of variation for plant height was the highest reaching 59%, for grain weight per plant 33%, and for plant weight 18. Environmental component of variation varied from 20%, for plant height, to 4% for plant weight.

Key words: wheat, variability, yield components, plant height, plant weight

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 169-180

Serbia

UDC 633.1 1:631.523

Original scientific paper

THE MODE OF INHERITANCE AND GENE EFFECTS FOR PLANT HEIGHT AND HARVEST INDEX IN DIFFERENT WHEAT GENOTYPES

Sofija PETROVIĆ, Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ and M. DIMITRIJEVIĆ

Dept. of Genetics and Plant breeding, Institute of Field and Vegetable crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Petrović S., M. Kraljević-Balalić and M. Dimitrijević (1995): The mode of inheritance and gene effects for plant height and harvest index in different wheat genotypes. - Genetika, Vol. 27, No. 3, 169 - 180.

In order to analyze the inheritance and gene effect for plant height and harvest index (HI), four wheat genotypes (Jugoslavia, Žitnica, Osječanka, NS rana 2) were chosen. They were crossed and F₁, F₂, F_B1 generations produced. The trial was conducted at the experimental field in Rimski Šancevi, in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The gene effects were studied on the basis of generation mean analysis (additive-dominance model). The epistatic gene effect was evaluated using the model of six parameters (M a t h e r and Jinks, 1982). Between the mean values for plant height and HI, significant differences were found. Plant height varied from 50.9 cm (Osječanka) to 65.1 cm (Jugoslavia). The inheritance was dominant or superdominant. In most the cases the value of dominant effect was higher than additive. In the cross Žitnica x NS rana 2 epistasis was not observed. In all other hybrids epistasis occurred (a x a, a x d, d x d). HI ranged from 22.2% (NS rana 2) to 30.1% (Žitnica). The mode of inheritance was dominant or superdominant. In most the crosses there were preponderance of dominant over additive gene effect, except in the combination Jugoslavia x Osječanka. The epistasis for H1 was a x a and d x d type.

Key words: wheat, inheritance, plant height, harvest index

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 181-185

Serbia

UDC 635.655:631.523.11

Original scientific paper

COMBINING ABILITY OF 1000-SEED MASS OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINEMAX. (L.) MERR.)

Đorde JOCKOVIĆ, Miloš VIDIĆ, Milica HRUSTIĆ, Milisav STOJAKOVIĆ, Rasko POPOV, Goran BEKAVAC and Nenad VASIĆ

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Jocković Đ., M. Vidić, M. Hrustić, M. Stojaković, R. Popov, G. Bekavac and N. Vasić (1995): Combining ability of 1000-seed mass of soybean (Glycine max. (L.). Men.). - Genetika, Vol. 27, No. 3, 181-185.

Diallel crosses between seven soybean varieties, excluding reciprocals, were made in order to evaluate the combining ability and gene effects on inheritance of 1000-seed mass. Significant differences in 1000-seed mass were found between parents and their F₁ hybrids. Inheritance of 1000-seed mass in the F₁ generation included both additive and nonadditive gene action, with a preponderance of additive gene action. The best general combiners for the examined trait were Balkan and Šumadija, which proved to be good and stable general combiners.

Key words: combining ability, soybean, gene effects

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 193-199

Serbia

UDC 631.523.633.413

Original scientific paper

ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME STAGES OF EMBRYOGENESIS IN SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.)

Nevena KUPREŠANIN¹, Snežana MEZEI¹, Z. KESEROVIĆ², N. MIĆIĆ¹ and L. KOVAČEV¹

¹Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

²Institute for Fruit Growing and Viticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, 21000

Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

³Agricultural Research Institute ,,Serbia”, Fruit and Gape Research Centre, 32000 Čačak, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Kuprešanin N., S. Mezei, Z. Keserović, N. Mićić, and L. Kovačev (1995): Anatomical analysis of some stages of embryogenesis in sugar beet (Beta vuigaris L.). - Genetika, Vol. 27, No. 3, 193-199.

The paper presents some preliminary data from an anatomical analysis of some early stages of embryogenesis in sugar beet. Explants were obtained from plants of a diploid, monogerm, male sterile genotype grown in the field. Opened flowers were taken from the asal part, middle and top of lateral branches. Smaples were fixed in Carnoy II and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut using a microtome at 10 μm and stained with safranin and haematoxylin. Several stages of embryo development were examined histologicaly by light microscopy: fertilized egg cell, first division of the zygote before formation of the cell waif and eight-celled embryo with suspensor. In the different stages of embryogenesis a plasmatic membrane could be seen around the embryo which has an important role in the absorption and transport of nutrients, until the formation of the nuclear endosperm. The formation of two ovules was observed inside one ovary chamber, of which one aborts.

Key words: sugar beet, embryogenesis, zygote, plasmatic membrane, ovule.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 201-209

Serbia

UDC 631.524.5:631.527.6

Original scientific paper

VARIABILITY OF LEAF MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF INTRA AND INTERSPECIES HYBRID FAMILIES OF EASTERN COTTONWOOD (POPULUS DELTOIDES BARTR.)

Branislav KOVAČEVIĆ¹, Vojislav GUZINA¹ , Saša ORLOVIĆ¹ and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ²

¹Popular Research Institute, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad

²Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Kovačević B., V. Guzina, S. Orlović and M. Kraljević-Balalić (1995): Variability of leaf morphometric parameters of intra and inter-species hybrid families of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) - Genetika. Vol. 27, No. 3, 201 - 209.

The discrimination and identification of popular clones is significant in correct nursery practice, in the establishment of experimental plantings, as well as in the protection of authorship. The suitability for discrimination of clones for seven measured and ten derived morphometric parameters of leaves was evaluated according to their components of the total variance and heritability for families and for clones within the family, as well as total heritability. The aim of this study was to select the parameters with a greater effect of the genotype on the total variation of parameters. The measurement was carried out on three leaves taken from the zone of 6'' to 10'' leaf of three one-year old shoots with two-year old roots per clone. Four families P. deltoides x P. deltoides and two hybrid families P. deltoides x P. x euramericana, with unequal numbers of the researched clones were investigated. It can be concluded that leaf petiole (x5) and the parameters derived from its ratio with length of leaf blade (x5/l), length along the main vein (x5/2), maximum width of leaf blade fx5/3) and length from the top to the widest part of the leaf blade (x5/4), as well as the angle between the main and the second lateral nerve (x7), have high values of heritabilily in the broad sense between families, between clones within the families, and in total. However, the variation of parameters was significant only between the clones within families, except for parameter x4/l, that showed significant variation only between the families.

Key words: Black poplars - section Aigeiros, hybrid progenies, leaf morphometric parameters

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 27, No.3 (1995), pp. 211-232

Serbia

UDC 631.524.86

Review paper

PLANT BREEDING AND GENETIC VULNERABILITY

J. DUMANOVIC

Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Dumanović J. (1995): Plant breeding and genetic vulnerability. -Genetika, Vol. 27, No. 3, 211 - 232.

Studies of all previously known cases of epidemics of plant diseases lead to the conclusion that epidemics occur when crops are uniformly susceptible to a parasite and when climatic conditions are favourable for disease development. Genetic uniformity can be of different forms. Cross-pollinated plants have a greater genetic resistance than self-pollinated and vegetatively reproduced plants. Crop uniformity is an essential prerequisite for genetic vulnerability. An epidemic may occur when three conditions of the triangular system host-pathogen-environment are fulfilled a susceptible host plant grown in a wide area, a virulent, aggressive parasite and favourable environmental conditions. Most importantly, favourable weather conditions for development of the disease. Uniformity does not encompass only one genetically uniform cultivar grown on a wide area, but also a large number of cultivars including the same gene or the same cytoplasm. Every breeding program, in principle, leads to narrowing of the genetic base of cultivated plants. It has been emphasized that genetic diversify has been the principal barrier to genetic uniformity and vulnerability of cultivated plants. Based on everything known about crop genetic uniformity and vulnerability, about the causes and conditions for the occurrence of epidemic diseases in plants, about the genetics of the host plant and parasites, as well as, about physiological mechanisms of resistance, a certain strategy in plant breeding has been suggested and discussed in order to lessen the risk of epidemics of diseases. It has been stressed that crop uniformity has had its good and bad sides. The risk of uniformity, through sometimes even disastrous, is however of short duration, while benefits from it are consistent.

Key words: genetic vulnerability, epidemics, genetic uniformity, plant breeding, pathogen

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