GENETIKA, Vol. 30, No.1 (1998)
Vahid L. AIDUN, Duška STOJŠIN, and Lyn W. KANNENBERG
INHERITANCE OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH GRAIN FILLING IN THREE MAIZE POPULATIONS [Abstract]
Ravi PARKASH and Dev KARAN
SHORT RANGE GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO HABITATS AND RESOURCES IN THREE DROSOPHILA SPECIES [Abstract]
Snežana STANIĆ and Dragoslav MARINKOVIĆ
THE INFLUENCE OF v;cn MUTATIONS ON THE HERITABILITY OF SOME MATING COMPONENTS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER [Abstract]
F. MESTRES, C. ARENAS, and L. SERRA
FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR CORRECTING THE LETHAL ALLELISM IN DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA [Abstract]
Sanjay KUMAR SINGH, S.B.L. SRIVASTAVA, and P. SINGH
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN TALL AND DWARF GENOTYPES OF PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L.) [Abstract]
Radosav CEROVIĆ, Mihailo NIKOLIĆ, and Slobodan MILENKOVIĆ
BREEDING OF SOUR CHERRIES FOR QUALITY AND RESISTANCE TO LUMERIELLA JAAPII (REHM.) V. ARX AND RHAGOLETIS CERASI L. [Abstract]
S.P.SINGH and Sudhir SHUKLA
METROGLYPH AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUS TETRAGONOLOBUS L.) [Abstract]
Dragana MITIĆ, Branka VUKOVIĆ-GAČIĆ, Jelena KNEŽEVIĆ-VUKČEVIĆ, Zoltan ĐARMATI, Ratko M. JANKOV, and Draga SIMIĆ
ANTIMUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF ANTIOXIDANTS FROM SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) [Abstract]
Marina STAMENKOVIĆ-RADAK, Tatjana TERZIĆ, Goran ŽIVANOVIĆ, and Marko ANĐELKOVIĆ
QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIATION OF WING LENGTH ACROSS TEMPERATURES IN TWO D.SUBOBSCURA POPULATIONS [Abstract]
Dragiša LOPANDIĆ
KORELACIONI ODNOSI IZMEDJU ISPITIVANIH OSOBINA HS POTOMSTVA SINTETIČKE POPULACIJE KUKURUZA [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 1-16
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.17:633.15
Original scientific paper
INHERITANCE OF TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH GRAIN FILLING IN THREE MAIZE POPULATIONS
Vahid L. AIDUN1, Duška STOJŠIN2, and Lyn W. KANNENBERG2
1Bio-Industries Branch, Industry Canada, 235 Queen Street, Otawwa ON K1A0H5
2Department of Crop Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Abstract
Aidun V.L., D. Stojšin, and L.W. Kannenberg (1998): Inheritance of traits associated with grain filling in three maize populations. - Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1-16.
The genetic basis of traits associated with grain filling period is not well known, although this developmental phase is very important for maize (Zea mays L.) grown in short-season areas because of the limited duration of the growing period. The objective of this study was to gain better understanding of the inheritance of these traits in order to suggest effective breeding strategy. Modified mass selection was used to develop source germplasm for four inbred lines with varying lengths of vegetative phase duration (VPD), actual filling period duration (AFPD), and period to physiological maturity (PM) within each of three populations (Population 1, Population 3, and Population 8). Generation mean analysis was used to determine the relative importance of additive, dominance, and epistatic gene effects controlling VPD, AFPD, PM, and grain yield in the three populations. Modified mass selection was effective in selecting longer and shorter VPD, AFPD, and PM. When VPD and AFPD were expressed as a percentage of total period from planting to physiological maturity, relatively shorter VPD and longer AFPD were observed for early flowering inbreds when compared to the late flowering group. Additive gene effects were the most important in controlling VPD, AFPD, and PM accounting for mass selection being effective in selecting these traits. For VPD, larger additive effects were estimated for early by late than either early by early or late by late flowering combinations. No other associations between the magnitude of gene actions and types of crosses were found. Both additive and dominance gene effects were significant in controlling grain yield. The three types of digenic epistasis were generally much smaller and less stable over environments than either additive or dominance effects for all four traits. Generally, epistatic effects were more significant in 1991 than in 1990. Taken jointly, the values of epistatic effects were variable in direction working to offset rather than to complement each other for all four traits. However, the importance of epistasis cannot be ignored for some traits, specific crosses, and/or environments. Additive by dominance interaction was more important than the other epistatic effects in AFPD, PM, and yield. Grain yield was negatively correlated with VPD and positively correlated with AFPD. These results indicated that selection for relatively longer grain filling period and shorter vegetative phase should be effective in increasing yield in short-season maize.
Key words: Zea mays L., vegetative phase duration (VPD), actual filling period duration (AFPD), physiological maturity (PM), gene effects, generation mean analysis
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 17–25
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.17:591.53
Original scientific paper
SHORT RANGE GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION DUE TO HABITATS AND RESOURCES IN THREE DROSOPHILA SPECIES
Ravi PARKASH and Dev KARAN
Genetics
Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciencies,
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak - l24 001, India
Abstract
Parkash R. and D. Karan (1998): Short range genetic diffe-rentiation due to habitats and resources in three Drosophila species. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 17-25.
D.melanogaster populations from alcohol rich and local domestic habitats, located up to 5 km apart, exhibit significant microdivergence in utilisation of acetic acid as well as primary and secondary alcohols. Longevity and threshold values differ significantly in contrasting habitats and are correlated with climatic differences i.e. coefficient of variation of mean monthly temperature of the site of origin of populations. In contrast with domestic habitats, the fermenting resources in breweries/distilleries/sugar mills are quite different and confer adaptive divergence for alcoholic resources. D.repleta and D.immigrans populations also exploit alcohol rich habitats. On the basis of analysis of variance, 76% of the observed variation was found to be due to contrasting habitats. The present data demonstrate that neighbouring populations can undergo genetic differentiation in response to variable selection pressure imposed by diverse habitats and resources.
Key words: Habitat selection, microdivergence, resource utilisation, Drosophila species, Indian subcontinent
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 27-35
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.4:1
Original scientific paper
THE INFLUENCE OF v;cn MUTATIONS ON THE HERITABILITY OF SOME MATING COMPONENTS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Snežana STANIĆ1 and Dragoslav MARINKOVIĆ2
1Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac
2Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Stanić S. and D. Marinković (1998): The influence of v;cn mutations on the heritability of some mating components in Drosophila melanogaster. - Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 27-35.
Mating success of Drosophila melanogaster individuals is a consequence of many complex activities, and it involves synchronised activity of both sexes. It has been determined that some components of mating success are influenced by mutations of genes that determine eye colour, such as: white, vermilion and cinnabar. These examples show that mutations may be very important for the study of physiological traits. One of the parameters of mating success is the mating speed, a character whose heritability can be calculated. By comparison of inbred and non-inbred lines, the influence of the genes which surround the v-locus (chromosome I) and cn-locus (chromosome II) on heritability of mating speed may be studied. Body size is also positively correlated with mating success, and, to ascertain such a correlation, the average wing length between coupled and uncoupled males was compared in all studied lines. Significant differences among male competitors were found in the outbreed line. The obtained differences in heritability of these two characters (mating speed and wing length) between wild type flies and carriers of v;cn mutations are interpreted as a consequence of pleiotropic effects of these or of neighbouring genes.
Key words: Drosophila, eye mutants, inbreeding, mating behaviour
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 37-40
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575:113.2
Original scientific paper
FORTRAN PROGRAM FOR CORRECTING THE LETHAL ALLELISM IN DROSOPHILA SUBOBSCURA
F. MESTRES1, C. ARENAS2, and L. SERRA1
1Dept. Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona,
2Dept. Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona,
08071 - Barcelona, Spain
Abstract
Mestres F., C. Arenas, and L. Serra (1998): Fortran program for correcting the lethal allelism in Drosophila subobscura. - Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 37-40
In D. subobscura there is only a lethal balanced strain (Va/Ba) for the O chromosome. In some situations this strain does not prevent recombination in a segment of the O chromosome. Thus a mathematical transformation is needed in order to unify all crosses of lethal allelism. A FORTRAN program, which carries out this transformation, is presented.
Key words: lethal balanced strain, O chromosome, FORTRAN
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 41-50
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.22
Original scientific paper
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN TALL AND DWARF GENOTYPES OF PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L.)
Sanjay KUMAR SINGH, S.B.L. SRIVASTAVA, and P. SINGH
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology,
Kanpur-208 002, India
Abstract
Singh S. K., S.B.L. Srivastava, and P. Singh (1998): Genetic divergence in tall and dwarf genotypes of peas (Pisum sativum L.) – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 41-50.
With the help of comparative estimation of genetic divergence, 20 tall and 12 dwarf strains were classified into 11 and 6 clusters, respectively. Clusters I, III and VI were the largest among tall genotypes with 3 strains in each and cluster I was largest among dwarf genotypes with 4 strains. The clustering pattern reflected that genetic diversity and geographical diversity were not necessarily related. The maximum intercluster distance was observed between cluster VII and IX in tall types and between cluster III and IV in dwarf types. It is, therefore, suggested that a hybridisation programme should be taken up between the strains of these clusters.
Key words: Peas, cluster, intercluster distance, hybridisation
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 51-58
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.827:632.937
Original scientific paper
BREEDING
OF SOUR CHERRIES FOR QUALITY AND RESISTANCE TO BLUMERIELLA JAAPII
(REHM.) V. ARX AND
RHAGOLETIS CERASI L.
Radosav CEROVIĆ, Mihailo NIKOLIĆ, and Slobodan MILENKOVIĆ
Agricultural Research Institute ‘Serbia’, Fruit and Grape Research Centre,
32000 Čačak, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Cerović R., M. Nikolić, and S. Milenković (1988): Breeding of sour cherries for quality and resistance to Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) V. Arx and Rhagoletis cerasi L. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 51-58.
Sour cherry breeding has been in progress at the Fruit and Grape Research Centre in Čačak for more than thirty years. The major goals are the development of cultivars with superior fruit quality, having good pomological-technological characters (large and juicy fruits, the desired juice colour, rich in soluble solids and suitable for fresh use, processing and for mechanised harvesting), resistant to the economically most important pests and causal agents of diseases. Planned hybridisation by selecting the parents from the standard sour cherry cultivars commercially grown in our conditions, as well as individual selection of superior individuals, were employed in the work. Selection for the objectives set was carried out among a heterogeneous population of 530 hybrid seedlings, for three consecutive years after coming into bearing. Screening for resistance to cherry leaf spot and cherry fruit fly was done in the conditions of natural infection, with no pesticide application. Fifteen promising hybrids have been selected, having the desired pomological-technological characteristics and varying levels of resistance to cherry leaf spot and cherry fruit fly. Hybrids III/23, IV/36 and XII/57 stand out among the hybrids in this group. The last two hybrids show marked resistance to Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) V. Arx.
Key words: sour cherry, hybridisation, selection, promising hybrid, resistance
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 59-68
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.22
Original scientific paper
METROGLYPH AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN WINGED BEAN (PSOPHOCARPUS TETRAGONOLOBUS L.)
S.P.SINGH and Sudhir SHUKLA
National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
Abstract
Singh S.P. and S. Shukla (1998): Metroglyph and multivariate analysis in winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 59-68.
Metroglyph analysis and genetic divergence were studied for ten characters of 18 pure line genotypes derived from indigenous and exotic mixed populations of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L.). The strains could be grouped into 7 morphological complexes following metroglyph analysis, which differed from each other while strains having genetic similarity were grouped in 8 clusters based on genetic diversity. Intra-cluster distance ranged from 0.00 to 55.14. The maximum inter-cluster distance was 259.31 between clusters IV and VIII followed by V and VIII (217.42), and VI and VIII (186.71). In general, clusters showing high intra-cluster values exhibited high inter-cluster distance from each other. The cluster VIII is unique having the single early maturing and low yielding strain ‘BRWS-118’ which showed maximum inter-cluster distance from all the other clusters. The role of natural and human selection causing divergence was discussed and the major effect of the genetic constellation of a strain was confirmed for genetic diversity rather than geographical mode. To evolve early high yielding varieties, a breeding plan was discussed.
Key words: winged bean, genetic divergence, high yield
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 69-76
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.6:633.88
Original scientific paper
ANTIMUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF ANTIOXIDANTS FROM SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.)
Dragana MITIĆ, Branka VUKOVIĆ-GAČIĆ, Jelena KNEŽEVIĆ-VUKČEVIĆ, Zoltan ĐARMATI1, Ratko M. JANKOV2, and Draga SIMIĆ
Laboratory
for Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade,
11000 Belgrade,
1Technical Faculty “M.Pupin”, 23000 Zrenjanin
2Laboratory for Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Mitić D., B.Vuković-Gačić, J.Knežević-Vukčević, Z.Đarmati, R.M. Jankov, D.Simić (1998): Antimutagenic potential of antioxidants from sage (Salvia officinalis L.). – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 69-76.
Natural antioxidants, widely distributed in plants, are implicated in the inhibition of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis at various levels. In terpenoid fractions of cultivated and wild sage (Salvia officinalis L.) high antioxidative properties were previously established by a lipid peroxidation test. In this work we tested those fractions for antimutagenesis due to their antioxidative properties. Screening was performed using two prokaryotic test systems: (i) Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain (Ames test) for detection of induced hisD3052®His+ reversions; (ii) Escherichia coli K12 mutT strain deficient in repair of oxidative damage of guanine nucleotide (8-oxo-G), for detection of spontaneous argE3®Arg+ reversion. TA98 strain was treated with ethidium bromide (EtBr), with or without metabolic activation, and the number of induced revertants in the presence of sage fractions was monitored. Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), an inhibitor of EtBr-induced mutations, was used as the model antioxidant. An antimutagenic effect against EtBr-induced mutations was observed in all fractions tested. The strongest antimutagenic effect was observed with the CO2 re-extract of cultivated sage E2/5, containing a high proportion of one of the most active natural antioxidants, rosmanol-9-ethyl ether. A significant reduction of the frequency of spontaneous mutations in mutT strain was obtained only with E2/5.
Key words: Antimutagenesis, antioxidants, sage terpenoids, S. typhimurium / E. coli tests
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 77-88
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21
Original scientific paper
QUANTITATIVE GENETIC VARIATION OF WING LENGTH ACROSS TEMPERATURES IN TWO D.SUBOBSCURA POPULATIONS
Marina STAMENKOVIĆ-RADAK,1,2 Tatjana TERZIĆ2, Goran ŽIVANOVIĆ2, and Marko ANĐELKOVIĆl2
lFaculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Akademski trg 3, 11000 Belgrade,
2Department of Genetics, Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade 29. novembra l42., 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Stamenković-Radak M., T. Terzić, G. Živanović, and M. Anđelković (1998): Quantitative genetic variation of wing length across temperatures in two D.subobscura populations. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 77-88.
Phenotypic plasticity of the wing length in Drosophila shows interspecific, inter- and intrapopulation variability. It is quite expressed in the conditions when temperature is environmental variable. In this paper, two D.subobscura natural populations that differ in chromosomal inversion polymorphism, from two distant and ecologically different localities, are analysed for genetic variation of the plasticity of response of the wing length at three temperatures. The obtained results show the existence of the variability of wing length related to the temperature, both between populations and between sexes, that differs through generations. Considering that phenotypic plasticity is genetically determined and that wing size is correlated with the mating success in Drosophila, the adaptive role of the observed phenomenon is discussed.
Key words: Drosophila subobscura, genetic variation, wing length
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.1 (1998), pp. 89-95
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575:17
Original scientific paper
CORRELATIONS AMONG STUDIED TRAITS IN HS PROGENIES OF A MAIZE SYNTHETIC POPULATION
Dragiša LOPANDIĆ
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje,11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Lopandić D. (1998): Correlations among studied traits in HS progenies of a maize synthetic population – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 1, 89‑95.
Synthetic population ZPSyn1C0 was crossed to a tester (A632 x A634) in order to study genetic and phenotypic correlations. The following traits were investigated: grain yield, grain moisture (%), percentage of lodged and broken plants, ear and plant height. High and average significant correlations were detected between grain moisture and percentage of lodged and broken plants, as well as between ear height and grain yield. The strongest correlations expressed by genetic and phenotypic coefficients of correlation, was detected between plant height and ear height (rg=0.829; rf=0.806). The highest increase in grain yield in ZPSyn1C0 should be expected from direct selection for grain yield itself.
Key words: synthetic population, tester, genetic and phenotypic correlations, grain yield