GENETIKA, Vol. 30, No.2 (1998)
Dragoljub ĐOKIĆ, Jovanka STOJANOVIĆ, and Milanko PAVLOVIĆ
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES FOR SELECTIVE IMPROVEMENT OF PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE GRAIN OF WHEAT [Abstract]
Ninoslav ĐELIĆ and Bogosav SOLDATOVIĆ
MITOTIC ACTIVITY AND CELL CYCLE KINETICS IN CULTURES OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES TREATED WITH INSULIN [Abstract]
Novo PRŽULJ, Novica MLADENOV and Vojislava MOMČILOVIĆ
BARLEY SELECTION FOR FROST RESISTANCE IN EARLY GENERATIONS [Abstract]
Radovan MARINKOVIĆ and Ana MARJANOVIĆ-JEROMELA
USE OF DIFFERENT METHODS IN DETERMINING THE HERITABILITY OF SEVERAL QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN CASTOR BEAN (RICINUS COMMUNIS L.) [Abstract]
Novica MLADENOV, Novo PRŽULJ, and Nikola HRISTOV
COMPONENTS OF VARIATION AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR PRE-HARVEST SPROUTING IN WHEAT [Abstract]
Saša ORLOVIĆ, Vasilije ISAJEV, Slobodanka PAJEVIĆ
GENETIC CORRELATION OF THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF WITH GROWTH PARAMETERS [Abstract]
Vesna KOKO, Marija GUĆ-ŠĆEKIĆ, Katarina NAJDOVSKI, Nada M. ŠERBAN, Miroslava NEDELJKOVIĆ, Aleksandra KORAĆ, Jelena RADOVANOVIĆ, and Neda DRNDAREVIĆ
INVESTIGATION OF THE CYTOSKELETON IN MONOGENIC AND CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS. 1. A CASE OF TRISOMY 16 [Abstract]
Borislav KOBILJSKI, Srbislav DENČIĆ, and Ivan MIHALJEV
VARIABILITY AND STABILITY OF KERNEL NUMBER AND KERNEL WEIGHT PER SPIKE AS CRITERIA IN WHEAT BREEDING [Abstract]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 99-123
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 631.527.11; 633.11
Review article
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES FOR SELECTIVE IMPROVEMENT OF PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE GRAIN OF WHEAT
Dragoljub ĐOKIĆ, Jovanka STOJANOVIĆ, and Milanko PAVLOVIĆ
Agricultural Research Institute “Serbia”, Belgrade, Center for Small Grains, 34000 Kragujevac, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Đokić D., J. Stojanović, and M. Pavlović (1998): Physiological bases for selective improvement of protein content in the grain of wheat. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 99-123.
This work analyses the parameters of nitrogen uptake from the soil and its utilisation in a plant as criteria in wheat selection on higher protein content in the grain. It is pointed out that an important condition for the increase in protein content in the grain without the decrease in the yield is the increase in nitrogen accumulation. This increase can be obtained by increased uptake and utilisation of nitrogen in a plant. The possibilities for the increase in nitrogen accumulation in a plant through the increase in biological yield, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen uptake in reproductive period and nitrate reductase activity, are also analysed. Among the parameters for the utilisation of nitrogen in a plant, nitrogen harvest index, reutilization and reutilization efficiency of nitrogen from vegetative organs, the percentage of nitrogen in straw, the activity of proteases of vegetative organs in reproductive period etc., were analysed. On the basis of analysis of the importance of some parameters, the strategy of selection process for the increase in protein content which would obtain simultaneously high accumulation and the utilisation of nitrogen in a plant in one genotype, was suggested.
Key words: Protein content, uptake and utilisation of nitrogen, nitrogen concentration and accumulation, nitrogen harvest index, reutilization of nitrogen, the activity of nitrate reductase and proteases
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 125-131
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 576.353:36; 612.112:43
Original scientific paper
MITOTIC ACTIVITY AND CELL CYCLE KINETICS IN CULTURES OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES TREATED WITH INSULIN
Ninoslav ĐELIĆ and Bogosav SOLDATOVIĆ
Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Đelić N. and B. Soldatović (1998): Mitotic activity and cell cycle kinetics in cultures of human lymphocytes treated with insulin. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 125-131.
Insulin is an important regulator of metabolic changes in different vertebrate tissues. Having in mind experimental data that show the influence of insulin on stimulation of DNA synthesis and progression of the cell through the cell cycle, the aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in mitotic index and proliferation index values in human lymphocytes exposed to a wide range of concentrations of human recombinant insulin under in vitro conditions. Insulin exhibited mitogenic effects at the lower concentrations applied (0.75x10-8 and 2.5x10-8 M), The value of the proliferation index was significantly elevated at the concentration of 0.75x10-8 M. Therefore, insulin stimulates mitotic activity and progression through the cell cycle of human lymphocytes at an optimal concentration of 10-8 M.
Key words: insulin, mitotic index, proliferation index, human lymphocytes
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 133-141
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 633.16; 632.111.6; 631.527.12
Original scientific paper
BARLEY SELECTION FOR FROST RESISTANCE IN EARLY GENERATIONS
Novo PRŽULJ, Novica MLADENOV and Vojislava MOMČILOVIĆ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Pržulj N., N. Mladenov and V. Momčilović (1998): Barley selection for frost resistance in early generations. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 133-141.
This paper deals with the possibility of selecting low temperature tolerant barley lines on the basis of cold resistance of their early filial generations. For this purpose, we analysed the frost resistance, i.e. survived leaf area in the F3, F4, and F5 generations of certain crosses between varieties with different levels of resistance: intermediate/poor, intermediate/intermediate, and hardy/intermediate. The relations among the frost tolerance of the generations were determined using the coefficient of regression. The variability within one generation was expressed through the coefficient of variability of the mean values that were found in the progenies of a single plant, while the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine the degree of similarity within a single generation. Significant regression coefficients were determined between the resistance to low temperatures of the selected F3 plants and that of their respective progenies. Looking at all the selected progenies of one cross, it should be noted that the mean value of resistance decreased with each successive generation, so that the degree of resistance found in the F5 generation was close to the resistance of the more susceptible parents. The great amount of variability, which has been found within the generations, opens up the possibility of selecting progeny that would be more resistant than their generation average.
Key words: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), early generations, frost resistance, selection
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 143-150
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.1; 631.523.4
Original scientific paper
USE OF DIFFERENT METHODS IN DETERMINING THE HERITABILITY OF SEVERAL QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN CASTOR BEAN (RICINUS COMMUNIS L.)
Radovan MARINKOVIĆ and Ana MARJANOVIĆ-JEROMELA
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Marinković R. and A. Marjanović-Jeromela (1998): Use of different methods in determining the heritability of several quantitative traits in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 143-150.
The objective of this paper was to study broad sense heritability for plant height (cm), number of filled seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight (g), and seed yield per plant (g) in a castor bean population. Heritability values were calculated from the variances of the parents and the F1 and F2 generations. Four different calculation methods were used: 1) Mahmud and Kramer (1951), 2) Burton (1952), 3) Mather (1949), and 4) Weber and Moorthy (1952). Heritability values ranged between 0.0% and 91.70% for plant height, 0.0% and 88.56% for 1000-seed weight, 0.0% and 59.78% for number of filled seeds per plant, and 0.0% and 69.01% for seed yield per plant. The heritability value of seed yield per plant was above 60% in only one combination. In most cases, the values were around 45% or lower. Similar results were obtained for the number of filled seeds per plant as well. The values for 1000-seed weight were somewhat higher; while those for plant height were the highest among the four traits concerned.
Key words. castor bean, broad sense heritability, population, quantitative traits
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 151-158
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 633.11; 575.16
Original scientific paper
COMPONENTS OF VARIATION AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR PRE-HARVEST SPROUTING IN WHEAT
Novica MLADENOV, Novo PRŽULJ, and Nikola HRISTOV
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Mladenov N., N. Pržulj, and N. Hristov (1998): Components of variation and cluster analysis for pre-harvest sprouting in wheat. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 151-158.
The objective of this paper was to research the variability of the resistance to pre harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat and to make variety clusters on the basis of this trait. A total of 80 varieties of different origin and other biological productive traits were tested. The spikes were taken in three phases and tested in humid chambers. The sprouting index (SI) was used to assess PHS resistance. Significant differences between genotype (G), sampling time (T) and G/T interaction were found. A high value of heritability for PHS was obtained. In the group of the most resistant varieties were Diplomat, Frontana, Skopljanka, Libellula, Saitama 7, NS2-4407 and NS2-4749. The most sensitive varieties were Siete Ceros, Stela, Timgalen, Russia, NS-4751, NS2-4751, NS rana 2 and F4780bz.
Key words: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), pre-harvest sprouting, components of variance, cluster analysis.
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 159-170
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 581.45; 575.16
Original scientific paper
GENETIC CORRELATION OF THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEAF WITH GROWTH PARAMETERS
Saša ORLOVIĆ1, Vasilije ISAJEV2, Slobodanka PAJEVIĆ3
1 Poplar Research Institute, 21000 Novi Sad,
2 Faculty of Forestry, 11030, Beograd,
3 Faculty of sciences - Institute of Biology, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Orlović S., V. Isajev, and S. Pajević (1998): Genetic correlation of the anatomical structure of the leaf with growth parameters. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 159-170.
The variability of anatomical parameters of the leaf of rooted cuttings of eight poplar clones (4 Populus x euramericana and Populus deltoides) was examined in three field experiments on different soil types (humofluvisol, fluvisol f. loamy, fluvisol f. sandy). The investigated parameters were thickness of palisade and spongy tissue and stomata number per mm2. At the end of the vegetation period, the main plant growth elements were measured: namely, diameter and height. The results showed a high interclonal variability of most elements studied in the species. Statistically significant differences between clones and insignificant differences between repetitions, together with medium and high coefficients of heritability in a broad sense, indicate that the majority of these characters are controlled by genetic factors which result in considerable specificities of some clones. The statistically significant interaction clone x experiment, for most characters, indicates the different reactions of the clones to the site, i.e. soil type. Also the ranks of the clones in the three experiments were not the same. Consequently the interaction clone x environment existed for all the characters under study. A strong genetic correlation was found between the number of stomata on the leaf adaxial surface and plant diameter, the number of stomata on the abaxial surface and plant height. The results indicate that it could be possible to construct hybrids with desirable anatomical structure of the leaf which can enhance the effects of hybridisation.
Key words: poplar clone, leaf anatomical structure, variability, genetic correlation
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 171-180
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.224.2; 576.3:316
Original scientific paper
INVESTIGATION OF THE CYTOSKELETON IN MONOGENIC AND CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS. 1. A CASE OF TRISOMY 16
Vesna KOKO1,2, Marija GUĆ-ŠĆEKIĆ3, Katarina NAJDOVSKI3, Nada M. ŠERBAN1, Miroslava NEDELJKOVIĆ1, Aleksandra KORAĆ1, Jelena RADOVANOVIĆ1, and Neda DRNDAREVIĆ2
1 Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Science,
2 Institute for Medical Research,
3 Mother and Child Health Institute, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Koko V., M. Guć-Šćekić, K. Najdovski, N. M. Šerban, M. Nedeljković, A. Korać, J. Radovanović, and N. Drndarević (1998): Investigation of the cytoskeleton in monogenic and chromosomal disorders. 1. A case of trisomy 16. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 171-180.
The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the cytoskeleton in the trophoblast of chorionic villi samples (CVS) from a patient with trisomy 16. Trisomy 16 was cytogenetically detected in CVS from a missed abortion at 8 weeks gestation. At the ultrastructural level we observed alterations in both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast in this patient with trisomy 16. In the syncytiotrophoblast most nuclei possessed more condensed chromatin, compared with the control. Cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum (gER) were greatly dilated with many ribosomes attached to the membrane of the ER. The apical portion of the cytoplasm was filled with numerous lysosomes. The cytotrophoblast was continuous. In some cells nuclei were large, pale and had many invaginations. Some of the cytotrophoblastic cells had changed their position in relation to the syncytiotrophoblast. Their shape, was altered with the basal portion triangular and then becoming cylindric. They projected deeply in to the placental mesenchymal connective tissue, but rested on the basal lamina. In the cytoplasm of some of these cells a new orientation of possibly intermediate filaments was seen. This suggested that new epithelization of the cytotrophoblastic cells, as well as alterations in the cytoskeleton may have taken place.
Key words: cytoskeleton, monogenic disorders, chromosomal dis-order, trisomy
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.2 (1998), pp. 181-189
© 1998 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 633.11; 631.527
Original scientific paper
VARIABILITY AND STABILITY OF KERNEL NUMBER AND KERNEL WEIGHT PER SPIKE AS CRITERIA IN WHEAT BREEDING
Borislav KOBILJSKI1, Srbislav DENČIĆ1, and Ivan MIHALJEV2
1 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops,
2 Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia
Abstract
Kobiljski B., S. Denčić, and I. Mihaljev (1998): Variability and stability of kernel number and kernel weight per spike as criteria in wheat breeding. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 2, 181-189.
Phenotypic variability and stability of kernel number / spike and kernel weight / spike in 40 wheat genotypes originating from four different regions located in the 35-50° belt of the northern hemisphere (Russia and Ukraine, Far East, North America, Central and South Europe were investigated. Wide phenotypic variability was detected for both analysed traits. ANOVA showed highly significant and significant effects of cultivar, year and their interaction on the expression of traits, while the effects of each component on phenotypic variability were different for different traits and regions. The genotypes with best stability of performance were determined for each trait. There was no significant correlation between the ranks of these two traits and stability parameter (regression coefficient). The results for phenotypic variability and stability of the analysed characters, indicated genotypes which could serve as parents in future wheat breeding. Also, the results showed that it is possible to accumulate desirable genes for these two traits and at the same time genes for good stability in one genotype.
Key words: wheat, kernel number, kernel weight, phenotypic variability, stability