GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 30, No.3 (1998)

Miloje R. SARIĆ, Zora SARIĆ, Mirjana STOJANOVIĆ, Dragana POTPARA, and Deana ILEŠ

URANIUM UPTAKE IN DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF SOYBEAN [Abstract]

Novo PRŽULJ, Novica MLADENOV and Miroslav BOGDANOVIĆ

GENETICS OF GRAIN FILLING IN WHEAT I. GRAIN FILLING DURATION [Abstract]

Novo PRŽULJ, Novica Mladenov and Miroslav BOGDANOVIĆ

GENETICS OF GRAIN FILLING IN WHEAT II. GRAIN FILLING RATE [Abstract]

Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ and Kosana KONSTANTINOV

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HETEROSIS IN MAIZE AS REVEALED BY PCR-BASED MARKERS [Abstract]

Slobodan TRIFUNOVIĆ, Milorad ROŠULJ, Ivan HUSIĆ, and Miomir FILIPOVIĆ

GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS FOR PLANT HEIGHT IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) [Abstract]

Slađana ŽILIĆ, Mirjana JOVANOVIĆ, Irina BOŽOVIĆ, and Vitomir BEKRIĆ

EFFECTS OF THE KUNITZ TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICES OF SOYBEAN [Abstract]

Bogoljub ZEČEVIĆ, Dušan STEVANOVIĆ, Jelena DAMNJANOVIĆ, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ, and Mirjana MIJATOVIĆ

INHERITANCE OF PERICARP THICKNESS IN INTERVARIETAL HYBRIDS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 191-201

Serbia

UDC 632.118.2; 633.34

Original scientific paper

URANIUM UPTAKE IN DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF SOYBEAN

Miloje R. SARIĆ¹, Zora SARIĆ², Mirjana STOJANOVIĆ², Dragana POTPARA², and Deana ILEŠ²

¹ Serbian Academy of Science and Arts,

² Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials,

11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Sarić M.R., Z. Sarić, M. Stojanović, D. Potpara, and D. Ileš (1998): Uranium uptake in different cultivars of soybean. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 191-201.

This paper present the investigation of uranium uptake in different cultivars, with reference to genotypes of soybean. Considering that soybean is leguminous plant, living in symbiosis with nodule bacteria that enable soybean to use the nitrogen from the air in nutrition, we wanted to investigate the influence of uranium on fixation of atmospheric nitrogen at this specific plant species, having on mind that up to date there were not such investigation. The test was carried out in vegetation house, in plastic containers size 59 x 32 x 23 cm in four replicationsfor four cultivars: Kolubara, Vera, Ravanica, and Balkan. Investigated parameters are dry matter weight in aboveground parts and roots, as well as concentration of uranium in them. Obtained results depended on cultivars and other investigated variants. The concentration of uranium in the aboveground part of the plant highly depended on type of water and was considerably higher in the plants watered with the uranium water in relation to the one’s watered with the normal water. The highest concentration in the aboveground part had the cultivar Ravanica and the lowest cultivar Kolubara. Obtained results show certain differences in uranium uptake in investigated cultivars in both cases of watering with normal and uranium water. All cultivars uptake uranium and transported it to the aboveground part of the plant. It can be pointed out that in the period of 40 days of plant cultivating, uranium uptake was pretty high. It is very interesting that differences were also obtained in the atmospheric nitrogen fixation between the cultivars watered with normal and uranim water. Nitrogen content in inoculated plants was higher in all cultivars in both aboveground part and root in relation to the uninoculated plants.

Key words: soybean cultivars, uranium concentration, Rh japonicum, nitrogen concentration

Return to content

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 203-215

Serbia

UDC 575.1; 633.11

Original scientific paper

GENETICS OF GRAIN FILLING IN WHEAT
I. GRAIN FILLING DURATION

Novo PRŽULJ¹, Novica MLADENOV¹ and Miroslav BOGDANOVIĆ²

¹Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

²Faculty of Agriculture, Srpsko Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska

Abstract

Pržulj N., N. Mladenov, and M. Bogdanović (1998): Genetics of grain filling in wheat I. Grain filling duration. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 203-215.

For more successful development of wheat cultivars with an appropriate grain filling (GF) duration, it is essential to know the genetic basis and mode of inheritance of this character. In the present study, nine spring wheat cultivars (Dugoklasa, Lelija, Raduša, Vesna, Bobwhite, Buckbuck, Glennson 81, Mitacore, Sonalika) and their F₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations were used to determine the genetics of GF duration. In order to determine the genetic basis of GF inheritance, we used the additive-dominance, six-parameter, and the best fit models. The mean values of the F₁ and F₂ generations depended on the cross and were either intermediate, closer to the mean of the parent with the longer GF duration, or closer to the mean of the parent with the shorter GF duration. Additive and dominance gene effects were determined by the additive-dominance model, while epistasis, together with main effects, was determined using the six-parameter model. The simple additive-dominance model explained the variation of GF duration in one and the six-parameter model in five crosses. The most significant interaction was dominance x dominance epistasis. When choosing parents for hybridization, attention must be paid to the mode of inheritance and effects of genes responsible for GF duration. Special attention must be devoted to combinations in which additive gene effects play the most significant role, since in such combinations there is a greater chance for the fixation of additive genes and selection of progeny with desirable GF duration.

Key words: additive-dominance model, gene effects, grain filling period, heritability, inheritance, six-parameter model, the best fit model, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Return to content

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 217-226

Serbia

UDC 575.1; 633.11

Original scientific paper

GENETICS OF GRAIN FILLING IN WHEAT II. GRAIN FILLING RATE

Novo PRŽULJ¹, Novica Mladenov¹ and Miroslav BOGDANOVIĆ²

¹ Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Yugoslavia

² Faculty of Agriculture, Srpsko Sarajevo, Republic of Srpska

Abstract

Pržulj N., N. Mladenov, and M. Bogdanović (1998): Genetics of grain filling in wheat II. Grain filling rate. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 217-226.

Grain weight in wheat is the product of rate and duration of grain filling (GF). GF rate represents the rate of dry matter accumulation per grain during grain fill. The lack information regarding the genetic base of GF rate prompted this study to determine the kind of inheritance, genetic components and heritability for the GF rate. Nine spring wheat cultivars (Dugoklasa, Lelija, Raduša, Vesna, Bobwhite, Buckbuck, Glennson 81, Mitacore) and their F₁, F₂, BC₁, and BC₂ generations were used for investigation. The additive-dominance, and six-parameter models were used to determine the genetic base of GF. The mean values of the F₁ and F₂ generations depended on the cross and were either closer to the mean of the parent with the low or higher GF rate. The additive-dominance model explained the variation of GF rate in two and six-parameter models in four crosses. Additive and dominance effects were the most responsible for GF rate in spring wheat. The most significant interactions were additive x dominance and dominance x dominance epistasis. A primary part of genetic variability for GF rate was associated with additive gene action, although dominance effects were also involved in the inheritance. Narrow-sense heritability estimates ranged from 0.35 to 0.73. The results suggested that early-generation selection for GF rate would be less effective and selection for this trait should be continued in letter generations.

Key words: additive-dominance model, gene effects, grain filling rate, heritability, inheritance, six-parameter model, wheat (Triticum aestivum L)

Return to content

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 227-235

Serbia

UDC 577.21

Original scientific paper

GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HETEROSIS IN MAIZE AS REVEALED BY PCR-BASED MARKERS

Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ and Kosana KONSTANTINOV

Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Drinić Mladenović S. and K.Konstantinov (1998): Genetic diversity and heterosis in maize as revealed by PCR-based markers. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 227-235.

Heterosis has been widely used in a number of crops and greatly contributed to agricultural production by increasing yield and broadening the adaptability of hybrid varieties. As parental genetic divergence has been found to increase the potential for heterosis in crosses, it is suggested that indirect measures of genetic diversity are used as possible predictors for the heterotic response of hybrids. Since there are a large number of molecular markers available for tagging different alleles throughout the genomes of parental lines, heterosis may become predictable based on the genotypes of parental lines by means of molecular markers. Five maize inbreds and 10 hybrids were evaluated for grain yield and the heterotic effect was calculated regarding the mid-parent value. The parental lines were surveyed for polymorphism with a randomly chosen set of 58 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) loci and 15 AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) primers resulting in a total of 1306 reproducible amplification products, 595 of them being polymorphic. Rogers’s genetic distance, calculated for 10 combinations of parents, based on molecular markers ranged from 0.618 in cross F2 x ZP2039 to 0.841 in cross ZP120 X W401, with an average of 0.682 across all ten pairs. Genetic distance based on AFLP together with SSR marker data was correlated with both mid-parent heterosis and estimated heterosis for grain yield. Coefficients of correlation was positive and significant, 0.628 and 0.608 respectively. The results indicated that genetic diversity among parental lines is certainly related to heterosis.

Key words: maize, heterosis, AFLP, SSR, genetic distance

Return to content

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 234-243

Serbia

UDC 575.21; 633.15

Original scientific paper

GENERATION MEAN ANALYSIS FOR PLANT HEIGHT IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)

Slobodan TRIFUNOVIĆ, Milorad ROŠULJ, Ivan HUSIĆ, and Miomir FILIPOVIĆ

Maize research Institute “Zemun Polje”, 11080 Belgrade – Zemun, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Trifunović S., M. Rošulj, I. Husić, and M. Filipović (1998): Generation mean analysis for plant height in maize (Zea Mays l.). – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 237-243.

The objectives of this study were (1) to estimate gene effects for plant height in maize by Generation Mean Analysis and (2) to compare gene effects obtained from two types of experimental designs. Six generations (P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, BC₁, BC₂) were used to estimate additive, dominance and digenic epistatic effects. The first design was RCBD with 8 replications. Fifteen plants were measured from each generation in every replication. The second design was a new experimental design with some similarity with the honeycomb design. Only one single-plant was measured, which was surrounded with 8 plants from the same generation and this group of plants was treated like one replication. The numbers of replications for P₁, P₂, and F₁ were 15, for BC₁ and BC₂ were 25, and for F₂ were 49. Both designs were conducted in two locations in 1995 and 1996, with a density of 53.900 plants ha^-1. The results showed that the greatest influences on inheritance of plant height have dominance gene effects. Dominance effects were several times larger than additive effects in both designs. Dominance x dominance interactions were statistically significant and present like duplicate type of epistasis. There was no statistically significant difference between designs.

Key words: maize, generation mean analysis, experimental designs

Return to content

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 245-255

Serbia

UDC 577.112; 633.34

Original scientific paper

EFFECTS OF THE KUNITZ TRYPSIN INHIBITOR ON AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICES OF SOYBEAN

Slađana ŽILIĆ, Mirjana JOVANOVIĆ, Irina BOŽOVIĆ, and Vitomir BEKRIĆ

Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Belgrade-Zemun, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Žilić S., M. Jovanović, I. Božović, and V. Bekrić (1998): Effects of the kunitz trypsin inhibitor on agronomic characteristices of soybean. – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 245-255.

Fresh soybean grain contains many deleterious components. The trypsin inhibitor and hemagglutinin stand out by their content and especially by the effects causing in the organism. These substances could be eliminated by different modes of processing, but at the same time, protein denatures, contents of utilizable essential amino-acids decreases and other qualitative changes occur in soybean grain. Due to this, in the recent times, breeding varieties with a lower content of antinutritional factors, first of all, varieties lacking the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor has been initiated. The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of this inhibitor on grain yield of soybean. These investigations encompassed 48 soybean lines of the F₄ generation and their parental varieties Kunitz and Kador, used as checks. The variety Kador and 24 lines have the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, while another 24 lines and the variety Kunitz lack this inhibitor. The following traits were observed in randomly selected plants: grain yield per plant, number of pods per plant, number of kernels per plant and 1000-kernel weight. Based on obtained values of these traits the following parameters were observed between the two groups of genotypes with and without the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor: differences of means, coefficient of variation, components of variability, correlation coefficient, coefficients of regression and heritability of studied traits. Obtained differences of all statistical parameters in all studied traits were not statistically significant, hence it could be concluded that the Kuntiz trypsin inhibitor content does not affect soybean grain yield.

Key words: soybean, Kuntiz trypsin inhibitor, grain yield, statistical parameters

Return to content

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 30, No.3 (1998), pp. 257-263

Serbia

UDC 575.1; 633.842, 635.64

Original scientific paper

INHERITANCE OF PERICARP THICKNESS IN INTERVARIETAL HYBRIDS OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

Bogoljub ZEČEVIĆ¹, Dušan STEVANOVIĆ¹, Jelena DAMNJANOVIĆ², Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ¹, and Mirjana MIJATOVIĆ¹

¹ Centre for Vegetable Crops, 11420 Smederevska Palanka

² Institute “GOŠA”, 11420 Smederevska Palanka, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Zečević B., D. Stevanović, J. Damnjanović, J. Zdravković, and M. Mijatović (1998): Inheritance of pericarp thickness in intervarietal hybrids of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 30, No. 3, 257-263.

The combining ability, the gene effects and the mode of inheritance of five divergent pepper genotypes for pericarp thickness have been established through diallel analysis. The combining ability was calculated using the method 2, model I by Griffing (1956). The analysis of components of genetic variance was performed using the method of Hayman (1954) and Jinks (1954) and the regression analysis was done according to Mather & Jinks (1971). Testing of mean values of the F₁ generation in relation to parents showed that the most frequent mode of inheritance was intermediate. The genotypes L₁ and L₃ had the highest value for GCA while there were no hybrids with a positively significant PCA value. The analysis of variance of the combining ability and the regression analysis showed that the additive component played a major role in inheritance this trait.

Key words: pepper, breeding, pericarp thickness

Return to content