GENETIKA, Vol. 35, No.2 (2003)
Nada HLADNI, Dragan ŠKORIĆ, and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
COMPONENTS OF PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY FOR HEAD DIAMETER IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ, Živoslav MARKOVIĆ, Milan DAMJANOVIĆ, Milan ZDRAVKOVIĆ, and Radiša ĐORĐEVIĆ
THE EXPRESSION OF rin GENE IN PROLONGATED TOMATO FRUIT RIPENING (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Čedomir RADENOVIĆ, Milosav BABIĆ, Nenad DELIĆ, Zdravko HOJKA, Goran STANKOVIĆ, Borivoje TRIFUNOVIĆ, Dušan RISTANOVIĆ, and Dragojlo SELAKOVIĆ
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROPERTIES OF ERECT LEAF MAIZE INBRED LINES AS THE EFFICIENT PHOTO-MODEL IN BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION [Abstract] [Full text]
L.A. ELKONIN and E.V. BELYAEVA
ONTOGENETICALLY-REGULATED MALE STERILITY IN TISSUE CULTURE - INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUS SORGHUM MUTANTS [Abstract] [Full text]
A.M. ALMEIDA, S. ARAÚJO, L.A CARDOSO, P. FEVEREIRO, J.M. TORNÉ, and D. SANTOS
GENETIC ENGINEERING OF MAIZE TOWARDS DESICCATION TOLERANCE: ELECTROPORATION WITH THE TREHALOSE GENE [Abstract] [Full text]
Rade MILETIĆ, Mihajlo ŽIKIĆ, Nevena MITIĆ, and Radomirka NIKOLIĆ
BIOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERIOR WALNUT SELECTIONS [Abstract] [Full text]
Jovan JOKSIMOVIĆ, Jovanka ATLAGIĆ, Zvonimir SAKAČ, Vladimir MIKLIČ, and Nenad DUŠANIĆ
PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF DISC FLOWER COROLLA LENGTH AND NECTAR CONTENT IN SUNFLOWER [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 67-75
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21: 631.523
Original scientific paper
COMPONENTS OF PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY FOR HEAD DIAMETER IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
Nada HLADNI, Dragan ŠKORIĆ, and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ1
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad
1 Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Hladni N., D. Škorić, and M. Kraljević-Balalić (2003): Components of phenotypic variability for head diameter in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 67-75.
Sunflower is the main crop species for the production of edible oil in many countries of the world, including ours. Plant height and head size, form and position on the stem as well as the number of leaves, their size, duration and distribution on the plant all play an important role in defining optimal plant architecture in sunflower hybrids (Škorić, 1975, 1989, 2002). In order to monitor the mode of inheritance and gene effects for head diameter in the F1 and F2 generations, half diallel crosses were made in six genetically divergent sunflower inbreds. The mean values of the trait in question differed significantly. The mode of inheritance of head diameter in the F1 generation was superdominance in all but four crosses, which had dominance instead. In the F2 generation, on the other hand, the prevailing mode was dominance, while superdominance was recorded in four cases. The dominant component accounted for the bulk of genetic variance, and the mode of inheritance of head diameter taking into account both the F1 and F2 generations was superdominance. These findings may prove valuable for developing high-yielding sunflower genotypes.
Key words: sunflower, inbred lines, mode of inheritance, gene effect, simple correlation coefficient
Corresponding author: Nada Hladni, Scientific Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, M.Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 77-83
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21:635.64
Original scientific paper
THE EXPRESSION OF rin GENE IN PROLONGATED TOMATO FRUIT RIPENING (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.)
Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ, Živoslav MARKOVIĆ, Milan DAMJANOVIĆ, Milan ZDRAVKOVIĆ, and Radiša ĐORĐEVIĆ
Institute SRBIJA, Centre for vegetable crops, Smederevska Palanka, Karađorđeva 71, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Zdravković J., Ž. Marković, M. Damjanović, M. Zdravković, and R. Đorđević (2003): The expression of rin gene in prolongated tomato fruit ripening (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 77-83.
Tomato selection programme, aiming to create a tomato hybrid with better fruit firmness, has been based on adding rin gene in perspective selection material. The fruit firmness has been based on decelerated ripening which prolongs the shelf life. Heterozygote genotypes (rin/+) have considerably longer shelf life that genotypes with uniform ripening (+/+). The effects of rin gene on shelf life have been examined on four experimental hybrids (K – 56, K – 18, K – 64 and K – 15 – rin/+ genetic configuration) compared with Atina F1 genotype (uniform ripening +/+) K – 91 selected line (rin/rin) and Fino F1 (DRS) unknown genetic construction and very good fruit firmness. The parameter for shelf life has been the fruit weight loss during the preservation – from harvest till the fading. The weight loss has been recorded every 7th day during two months. The experimental hybrids showed good agro technical characteristics of mid early tomato intended for production in the open field. During the shelf life, the genotype K – 15 faded the most slowly, both in the group of green and mature fruits.
Key words: tomato, fruit firmness, shelf life, favorite genotypes
Corresponding author: Jasmina Zdravković, Institute SRBIJA, Centre for vegetable crops, Smederevska Palanka, Karađorđeva 71, Serbia and Montenegro
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 85-97
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 577.352
Original scientific paper
PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROPERTIES OF ERECT LEAF MAIZE INBRED LINES AS THE EFFICIENT PHOTO-MODEL IN BREEDING AND SEED PRODUCTION
Čedomir RADENOVIĆ, Milosav BABIĆ, Nenad DELIĆ, Zdravko HOJKA, Goran STANKOVIĆ, Borivoje TRIFUNOVIĆ, Dušan RISTANOVIĆ1, and Dragojlo SELAKOVIĆ
Maize Research Institute, 11185 Zemun Polje, Serbia and Montenegro
1Maize Research Institute, Lusaka, P.O. Box 33088, Zambia
Abstract
Radenović Č., M. Babić, N. Delić, Z. Hojka, G. Stanković, B. Trifunović, D. Ristanović, and D. Selaković (2003): Photosynthetic properties of erect leaf maize inbred lines as the efficient photo-model in breeding and seed production. – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 85-97.
The initial idea of this study was a hypothesis that erect leaf maize inbred lines were characterised by properties of an efficient photo-model and that as such were very desirable in increasing the number of plants per area unit (plant density) in the process of contemporary selection and seed production. The application of a non-invasive bioluminescence-photosynthetic method, suitable for the efficiency estimation of the photo-model, verified the hypothesis. Obtained photosynthetic properties of observed erect leaf maize inbred lines were based on the effects and characteristics of thermal processes of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence occurring in their thylakoid membranes. The temperature dependence of the delayed chlorophyll fluorescence intensity, phase transitions (critical temperatures) in the thylakoid membranes and activation energy are the principal parameters of the thermal processes. Based on obtained photosynthetic properties it is possible to select erect leaf maize inbred lines that are resistant and tolerant to high and very high temperatures, as well as, to drought. They could be good and efficient photo-models wherewith the further improvement of the modern breeding and seed production is achieved.
Key words: maize inbred line, erect leaves, photo-model, photosynthetic and thermal processes, thylakoid membrane, conformational and functional changes, thermal and photosynthetic properties, delayed chlorophyll fluorescence
Corresponding author: Čedomir Radenović, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Zemun Polje, Serbia and Montenegro. E-mail: cradenovic@mrizp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 99-110
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.4
Original scientific paper
ONTOGENETICALLY-REGULATED MALE STERILITY IN TISSUE CULTURE - INDUCED AND SPONTANEOUS SORGHUM MUTANTS
L.A. ELKONIN and E.V. BELYAEVA
Agricultural Research Institute for South-East Region
410010, Saratov, Russia
Abstract
Elkonin L.A. and E.V. Belyaeva (2003): Ontogenetically-regulated male sterility in tissue culture - induced and spontaneous sorghum mutants. – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 99-110.
Variability of male fertility expression in the AS-1 line, a somaclonal variant obtained from tissue culture of CMS-plant, and in the progeny of revertant ‘124-1’ obtained from fertile tiller, which developed on CMS-plant transferred from the field to the greenhouse, was investigated. Both revertants were characterized by similar expression of male fertility during plant ontogenesis: the panicle on the main tiller was almost completely sterile whereas formation of fertile pollen grains and seed set were observed on the panicles of the shoot tillers. A clear basipetal gradient of male fertility was manifested on all panicles: the base had significantly higher per cent of fertile pollen grains in comparison with the middle part, while in the top the anthers were either absent or had few sterile pollen grains. Such an ontogenetically-regulated restoration of male fertility was controlled by nuclear genes and could be transferred through the pollen in crosses with progenitor CMS-line. Growing of AS-1 plants in the growth chambers simultaneously under a long (16/8) and a short (12/12) daylength conditions demonstrated that differences of fertility level in different tillers was not caused by change of photoperiod during plant ontogenesis and functioning of photoperiod-sensitive fertility restoring gene. Whereas, the ontogenetically-regulated expression of male fertility in both revertants was temperature-dependent and was clearly manifested under relatively cool conditions during 2-week period before the beginning of anthesis of the first panicle (average daily temperature 210C). The increase of the average daily temperature by 2-30C resulted in sharp increase of male fertility level. Possibility of using AS-1 line in a new “two-line system” of hybrid seed production, which require only two lines (sterile mutant and fertility restorer), is discussed.
Key words: CMS, fertility reversions, fertility restoring genes, male sterility, temperature-sensitive mutants, ontogenesis, sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, ORMS – ontogenetically-regulated male sterility
Corresponding author: L.A. Elkonin, Agricultural Research Institute for South-East Region
410010, Saratov, Russia, E-mail: elkonin@mail.saratov.ru
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 111-121
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 577.114
Original scientific paper
GENETIC ENGINEERING OF MAIZE TOWARDS DESICCATION TOLERANCE: ELECTROPORATION WITH THE TREHALOSE GENE
A.M. ALMEIDA1, S. ARAÚJO1, L.A CARDOSO2, P. FEVEREIRO1,4, J.M. TORNÉ3, and D. SANTOS1
1Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Portugal
2Instituto de Investigação Cientifica e Tropical, Lisboa, Portugal
3CSIC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
4Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Abstract
Almeida A.M., S. Araújo, L.A Cardoso, P. Fevereiro, J.M. Torné, and D. Santos (2003): Genetic engineering of maize towards desiccation tolerance: electroporation with the trehalose gene. – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 111-121.
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide of glucose that occurs in a large number of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes or crustaceans. Trehalose plays an important role in desiccation and heat stress protection, since it has been shown to stabilize proteins and cell membranes under these stress conditions. Trehalose accumulation has proven to be an effective way of increasing drought tolerance in both model plants such as tobacco and important crops such as potato or rice. In this work we aim to improve desiccation tolerance in maize, one of the most agronomical important crops, by increasing trehalose accumulation through transformation with the Arabidopsis thaliana trehalose phosphate synthase gene (AtTPS1) is involved in trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and hence on trehalose biosynthesis. A cassette harboring the AtTPS1 gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and the Bialaphos resistance gene Bar as a selective agent (conferring resistance to the PPT) was inserted in the plasmid vector pGreen0229 and used to transform maize inbred line Pa91. Immature zygotic embryos were collected 14-20 days after pollination and embryogenic calli culture were initiated. Embryogenic calli were electroporated with 20mg of plasmid DNA using a Biorad Gene Pulser II at 374 V, for 1 second. Embryogenic calli were electroporated and selected PPT. Eighty putative transgenic plants were obtained and analysed by PCR for the presence of the AtTPS1 gene.
Key words: desiccation tolerance, electroporation, maize, Trehalose
Corresponding author: André Almeida, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Células Vegetais, ITQB, Apartado 127 Av. da República (E.A.N.), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
e-mail: amalmeid@itqb.unl.pt, Fax: +351214411277, phone: +351214469100 (ext 1631)
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 123-130
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21: 634.51
Original scientific paper
BIOLOGICAL AND POMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERIOR WALNUT SELECTIONS
Rade MILETIĆ, Mihajlo ŽIKIĆ, Nevena MITIĆ, and Radomirka NIKOLIĆ
ARI “Serbia”, Agricultural and Technological Research Centre, 19000 Zaječar,
Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Miletić R., M. Žikić, N. Mitić, and R. Nikolić (2003): Biological and pomological characteristics of superior walnut selections. – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 123-130.
As late spring frosts are a limiting factor to successful growth of walnuts, attention was focused on walnut selection in years when late spring frosts occur after bud swelling. This particulary refered to the years of 1998 and 2002, and partly 2001. In those years, 32 walnut trees were found to produce satisfactory yield in regions severely affected by strong spring frosts and were subjected to careful observation in the following years. Of that number, 11 trees were found exceptional. They were characterized by luxuriance, vigour, satisfactory resistance to walnut antracnose, and yielding capacity. Fruits had good quality and favourable characteristics of the shell (smooth, thin, light-coloured, easily separable) and kernel (relatively smooth, light-coloured, tasty). Fruit mass measured 18.0-9.3 g, kernel mass 8.6-4.1 g, and kernel content 55.0-47.0%. The kernel contained 67.0-61.1% oil, 19.3-14.5% crude proteins and 2.65-2.12% mineral matter. All investigated selections had been grafted. They were grown in identical conditions, in collection, and the ones found best for commercial growth were selected.
Key words: walnut, population, selection, yield capacity, low temperature
Corresponding author: Rade Miletić, ARI “Serbia”, Agricultural and Technological Research Centre, Grljanski put b.b., 19000 Zaječar, Serbia and Montenegro
Tel: 019/420-222, Fax: 019/421-668
e-mail: czpiti@ptt.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 35, No.2 (2003), pp. 131-138
© 2003 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21
Original scientific paper
PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF DISC FLOWER COROLLA LENGTH AND NECTAR CONTENT IN SUNFLOWER
Jovan JOKSIMOVIĆ, Jovanka ATLAGIĆ, Zvonimir SAKAČ, Vladimir MIKLIČ, and Nenad DUŠANIĆ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Joksimović J., J. Atlagić, Z. Sakač, V. Miklič, and N. Dušanić (2003): Phenotypic and genotypic variability of disc flower corolla length and nectar content in sunflower. – Genetika, Vol. 35, No. 2, 131-138.
The nectar content and disc flower corolla length are the two most important parameters of attractiveness to pollinators in sunflower. The phenotypic and genotypic variability of these two traits was studied in four commercially important hybrids and their parental components in a trial with three fertilizer doses over two years. The results showed that, looking at individual genotypes, the variability of disc flower corolla length was affected the most by year (85.38-97.46%). As the study years were extremely different, the phenotypic variance of the hybrids and parental components was calculated for each year separately. In such conditions, looking at all of the crossing combinations, the largest contribution to phenotypic variance of the corolla length was that of genotype: 57.27-61.11% (NS-H-45); 64.51-84.84% (Velja); 96.74-97.20% (NS-H-702) and 13.92-73.17% (NS-H-111). A similar situation was observed for the phenotypic variability of nectar content, where genotype also had the largest influence, namely 39.77-48.25% in NS-H-45; 39.06-42.51% in Velja; 31.97-72.36% in NS-H-702; and 62.13-94.96% in NS-H-111.
Key words: sunflower, disc flower corolla length, nectar content, phenotypic and genotypic variability
Corresponding author: Jovan Joksimović, Institute of field and vegetable crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Tel: 381 021 4898 401
e-mail: atlagic@ifvcns.ns.ac.yu