GENETIKA, Vol. 36, No.1 (2004)
J. VAN WAES
HARMONIZATION OF RULES FOR VCU TESTING OF MAIZE IN COMPARABLE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS [Abstract] [Full text]
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, and Danica MIĆANOVIĆ
GENETIC CORRELATIONS AND PATH-COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND QUALITY COMPONENTS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Biljana GORJANOVIĆ and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ
GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN WEIGHT PER SPIKE AND HARVEST INDEX IN MACARONI WHEAT [Abstract] [Full text]
Vojislav MIHAILOVIĆ and Aleksandar MIKIĆ
LEAF TYPE AND GRAIN YIELD IN FORAGE PEA [Abstract] [Full text]
Radiša ĐORĐEVIĆ, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ, Bogoljub ZEČEVIĆ, Dejan CVIKIĆ, and Miroslav IVANOVIĆ
CORRELATION OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS FOR AFILA AND NORMAL LEAVE PEA (PISSUM SATIVUM L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Nikolai K. CHRISTOV, Elena G. TODOROVSKA, Dionysia A. FASOULA, Ioannis M. IOANNIDES, Atanas I. ATANASSOV, and Kiril N. HRISTOV
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS INDUCED DIVERSITY IN ELITE MAIZE GERMPLASM [Abstract] [Full text]
Jelena DAMNJANOVIĆ, Maja VRAČAREVIĆ, Gordana ŠURLAN-MOMIROVIĆ, and Slaven PRODANOVIĆ
IDENTIFICATION OF DONOR LINES FOR IMPROVING FRUIT YIELD OF K 35 x K 12 EGGPLANT HYBRID [Abstract] [Full text]
S.P. SINGH, S. SHUKLA, and H.K. YADAV
GENETIC STUDIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION TO BREED DESIRED PLANT TYPE IN OPIUM POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
L. C. MARTON, D. SZIEBERTH, and M. CSÜRÖS
NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE FAO NUMBER OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 1-11
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 633.15
Review article
HARMONIZATION OF RULES FOR VCU TESTING OF MAIZE IN COMPARABLE AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS
J. VAN WAES
Ministry of the Flemish Community, Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Husbandry & Ecophysiology, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 109, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Abstract
Van Waes J. (2004): Harmonization of rules for VCU testing of maize in comparable agro-ecological regions. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 1-11.
In the European Community, a new variety of an agricultural crop must submit official trials for DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability) and VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) before commercialisation. The guidelines for those tests are summarized in the European directive 70/457/EU (1970), revised in 2002 (2002/53/EU). The result of the VCU-tests is the admission on the national variety catalogue of new varieties, which are better than the best existing ones. Better varieties in the market can increase the income of the farmers. The progress in breeding can be measured by comparison the level of recent with older (10 - 15 years ago) varieties. Incorporation of new varieties in the culture plan is only justified if they are better than existing varieties and if they have no great weaknesses. Therefore the farmers need criteria for cultivation security and high return (output, yield). The two most important factors for cultivation security are resistance to lodging and to stalk rot. In addition earliness is another important factor for silage maize to attain a sufficient dry matter of the total plant and for corn maize to attain a low moisture content in the grains. Important factors for cost-effectiveness are total dry matter yield and quality for silage and grain yield for corn maize. Until now each EU- country has a separate system for VCU testing. The aim of the VCU-research is to predict the agronomical and technological value of a new variety on a reliable way in comparison with standard varieties. For this purpose there is the necessity for a high number of field trials and analyses; this implicates high national experimentation costs. But the costs for experimentation are only a small fraction of the benefits for the farmers. International cooperation for VCU-testing will become necessary to reduce the costs for the national variety testing systems. However the aim of the research must still be to predict the agronomical value of a new variety with the same reliability as at national level. For the future variety testing should be realised on the basis of comparable agro-ecological regions with the same crop husbandry and use of the crop. These regions must be clearly defined so that the release of varieties corresponds to the high demands for harvest security and good conservation possibilities of the harvested material. The most important criteria for evaluation should be: harvest security, disease resistance, yield and quality. The basis for a good success for international cooperation is a good knowledge of the national systems: searching for similarities and finding a solution for differences. Once a variety on a catalogue in one European country, the breeding company tries to sell the variety in the whole agro-ecological for which the variety is adapted. Therefore it is important that in the surrounding zones, where the variety is tested, the same criteria are valid. In this presentation we will give a proposal for harmonization and international cooperation for controlling the VCU- value of new maize varieties.
Key words: maize, variety research, international cooperation, costs, benefits
Corresponding author: J. Van Waes, Ministry of the Flemish Community, Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Crop Husbandry & Ecophysiology, Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 109, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
e-mail: j.vanwaes@clo.fgov.be
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 13-21
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21; 633.11
Original scientific paper
GENETIC CORRELATIONS AND PATH-COEFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND QUALITY COMPONENTS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, and Danica MIĆANOVIĆ
Agriculture Research Institute SERBIA, Center for Small Grains Kragujevac,
34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Zečević V., D. Knežević, and D. Mićanović (2004): Genetic correlations and path-coefficient analysis of yield and quality components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 13-21.
The genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield components (productive tillering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, grain weight per plant, harvest index, thousand grain weight) and quality components (grain protein content and sedimentation value) were investigated. The plant material was comprised of 50 genotypes of winter wheat grown during two years. Path- coefficient analysis of genetic correlation coefficients for grain mass/plant and other traits determined interrelationships among grain mass per plant and other yield and bread making quality components. The strongest positive genetic correlation was found between grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight and between spike length and number of spikelets per spike. Phenotypic correlation analysis indicated that grain weight per spike correlated positively and significantly with harvest index and thousand kernel weight. The strongest direct effect on grain weight per plant had harvest index and number of spikelets per spike. The spike length through number of spikelets per spike had the strongest indirect effect on grain weight per plant.
Key words: Triticum aestivum, genetic correlations, phenotypic correlations, path-coefficient analysis, yield components, bred making quality
Corresponding author: Veselinka Zečević, Agriculture Research Institute SERBIA, Center for Small Grains Kragujevac, S. Kovačevića 31, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro.
tel.: 381-34-333-046; fax: 381-34-304-100; e-mail: joca@knez.uis.kg.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 23-29
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21; 633.11
Original scientific paper
GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR GRAIN WEIGHT PER SPIKE AND HARVEST INDEX IN MACARONI WHEAT
Biljana GORJANOVIĆ1 and Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ2
1 Primary school “Dušan Jerković”, 22320 Inđija,
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Gorjanović B. and M. Kraljević-Balalić (2004): Genetic analysis for grain weight per spike and harvest index in macaroni wheat. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 23-29.
Using the line x tester analysis (Sing and Choudhary, 1979), we studied the combining ability, gene effects and mode of inheritance of grain weight per spike and harvest index, using 5 females, 3 testers and 15 hybrids of durum wheat. The results of the study show that non-additive genes play the more important role than additive in the inheritance of grain weight per spike and harvest index. The mode of inheritance of characters under study depended on the cross combination and the year of growing. In most cases the mode of inheritance was dominant. The estimates of general combining ability (GCA) pointed out that none of the genotypes in the first year of research had the significant GCA for grain weight per spike, while in the second year the best combiner was Kunduru. For the harvest index the best general combiner, in the first year, was Monodur, while in the second year the best combiner was Mexicali 75. In majority of the cases positive specific combining ability (SCA) effect were usually associated with crosses of two genetically divergent parents having at least one parent as a good general combiner.
Key words: wheat, combining ability, mode of inheritance, gene effects, yield components
Corresponding author: Biljana Gorjanović, Primary school “Dušan Jerković”, Dušana Jerkovića 1,22320 Inđija, Serbia and Montenegro
e-mail: bgorjanovic@yahoo.com
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 31-38
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21; 633.35
Original scientific paper
LEAF TYPE AND GRAIN YIELD IN FORAGE PEA
Vojislav MIHAILOVIĆ and Aleksandar MIKIĆ
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Vojislav Mihailović and Aleksandar Mikić (2004): Leaf type and grain yield in forage pea. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 31-38.
A three-year trial (2000-2002) was aimed to investigate the grain yield of nine pea genotypes with different leaf type. One (Akatsievydnaya Forma) had acacia (Aftl), four (NS-junior, Moravac, Javor and Amino) normal (AfTl) and four (Jezero, 4(1993), CD and Primeroy) afila (afTl) leaf type. Average plant height (PH), first pod height (FPH), internode number (IN), pod number per plant (PNP), grain number per plant (GNP), plant mass (PM), grain yield per plant (GYP) and per area unit (GYA), harvest index (HI) and thousand grains weight (TGW) were studied. There existed significant differences in all yield components, both between the different leaf type groups and between the genotypes of the same group. The AfTl cultivars had the greatest values for PH (75.2 cm), FPH (43.5 cm), IN (18.9), PNP (8.7), GNP (34.2), PM (15.89 g) and GYP (6.97 g). The afTl genotypes had the greatest HI (0.56), GYA (2980 t/ha) and TGW (255 g). As for the cultivars, NS-junior was characterized by the greatest values of PH (120.4 cm), FPH (68,6 cm), IN (22.2), PNP (11.3), GNP (42.5) and PM (17.95 g). Javor had the greatest GYP (8.56 g), while the greatest HI was determined in genotype 4(1993) (0,60). The greatest GYA was in Primeroy (4298 kg/ha) and the greatest TGW was measured in Moravac (301 g).
Key words: pea, leaf type, grain yield, acacia, semi-leafless
Corresponding author: Vojislav Mihajlović, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, Phone: ++381 21 48 98 370; Fax: ++381 21 48 98 377; e-mail: mikic@ifvcns.ns.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 39-45
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.22; 633.35
Original scientific paper
CORRELATION OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS FOR AFILA AND NORMAL LEAVE PEA (PISSUM SATIVUM L.)
Radiša ĐORĐEVIĆ, Jasmina ZDRAVKOVIĆ, Bogoljub ZEČEVIĆ, Dejan CVIKIĆ, and Miroslav IVANOVIĆ
Agricultural Research Institute SRBIJA – Centre for Vegetable Crops, 11420 Smederevska Palanka, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Đorđević R., J. Zdravković, B. Zečević, D. Cvikić, and M. Ivanović (2004): Correlation of yield and yield components for afila and normal leave pea (Pissum sativum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 39-45.
In order to research the correlation of yield and yield components of Afila and normal leaf Pea, we conducted a three years research (1993 – 1995). We have researched a correlative junction of yield and yield components (number of pods, number of grains per pod, number of grains per plant and the absolute grain weight) of 8 Afila lines and 4 parent varieties. The results showed that the yield and yield components are highly related r – 0.82 – 0.95, while the absolute weight is not related to the yield r – 0, 19 and due to that it does not represent the yield component. The determined correlative values for all researched genotypes and parents were the same as previously researched by other authors, which leads us to the conclusion that the absence of leaves does not directly impact the change of correlative values.
Key words: pea, yield, afila
Corresponding author: Radiša Djordjević, Centre for Vegetable Crops, Karadjordjeva 71, 11420 Smed. Palanka, Serbia and Montenegro
Phone: + 381 323 170 /110,
E-mail: rdjordjevic@cvcsp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 47-60
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.4; 633.15
Original scientific paper
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENESIS INDUCED DIVERSITY IN ELITE MAIZE GERMPLASM
Nikolai K. CHRISTOV1, Elena G. TODOROVSKA1, Dionysia A. FASOULA3, Ioannis M. IOANNIDES3, Atanas I. ATANASSOV1, and Kiril N. HRISTOV2
1AgroBioInstitute, 1164 Sofia
2Institute of Forage Crops, 5800, Pleven, Bulgaria
3Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
Abstract
Nikolai K. Christov, Elena G. Todorovska, Dionysia A. Fasoula, Ioannis M. Ioannides, Atanas I. Atanassov, and Kiril N. Hristov (2004): Molecular characterization of chemical mutagenesis induced diversity in elite maize germplasm. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 47-60.
Three classical breeding Iowa Super Stiff Stalk (SSS) inbred lines B37, B73 and B84, one Lancaster inbred Oh43 and mutant lines obtained by chemical mutagenesis followed by mutation breeding as follows: two of B37 and four of Oh43 were selected for molecular characterisation. The mutant inbred lines were chosen because in addition to the improved GCA and SCA for grain yield, proven by their predominance in the Bulgarian breeding programs, they showed shifts in the flowering time as compared to the initial inbreds. Molecular markers (microsatellites and other PCR-based DNA markers) were used for characterization of maize genotypes and determination of the induced by chemical mutagenesis genetic variability in maize germplasm. The tested nine SSR markers (umc1001, umc1014, umc1057, umc1181, umc1015, umc1029, umc1003, umc1033 and umc1035) can discriminate between the initial classical breeding inbred lines and the originating mutant inbreds. Allelic diversity was also studied by PCR amplification with specifically designed primers in the coding regions and flanking sequence of two genes: dwarf8 (d8; chromosome 1, 198.5 cM), and indeterminate1 (id1; chromosome 1, 175.0 cM). These are considered candidate genes for variation in plant height and/or flowering time, based on mutant phenotypes and chromosomal locations near major QTLs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels were detected in the region flanking the SH2 domain of dwarf8 gene in some of the mutant inbreds as a result of SSCP and sequencing analyses. However, these polymorphisms could not be associated with the observed variations in flowering time. PCR analysis of the promoter region dwarf8 showed a variant fragment of about 1kb in the inbred line Oh43 that was not present in any other initial and mutant inbred lines included in the study. PCR amplification of the 5’ end of the Id1 coding sequence revealed polymorphic bands in the mutant lines XM535, XM521, XM250-1, XM98-8 and XM85-105, as well as in the classical breeding line B73. The data, presented here demonstrate the usefulness of chemical mutagenesis for generation of genetic diversity within the elite maize germplasm. Some of this variation may affect the major genes in the QTLs. Our initial data revealed mutagenesis induced polymorphisms in the coding sequences of two important for the determination of flowering time transcription factors. Further molecular analyses of the proposed model systems may complement the trait association efforts and will help to directly identify the major genes in the QTLs.
Key words: maize, quantitative traits, chemical mutagenesis, SSR, SSCP, molecular markers, diversity, flowering time
Corresponding author: Dr. Nikolai Christov, AgroBioInstitute, 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd. 1164 Sofia, BULGARIA,
Tel: +359 2 963 54 07,
Fax: +359 2 963 54 08,
e-mail: nikolai_christov@abi.bg
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 61-67
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.827; 635.64
Original scientific paper
IDENTIFICATION OF DONOR LINES FOR IMPROVING FRUIT YIELD OF K 35 x K 12 EGGPLANT HYBRID
Jelena DAMNJANOVIĆ1, Maja VRAČAREVIĆ1, Gordana ŠURLAN-MOMIROVIĆ2, and Slaven PRODANOVIĆ2
1 Agricultural Research institute SERBIA, Belgrade,
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgarde, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Damnjanović J., M. Vračarević, G. Šurlan-Momirović and S. Prodanović (2004): Identification of donor lines for improving fruit yield of K 35 x K 12 eggplant hybrid. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 61-67.
The aim of this study was to identify an eggplant donor line which possess the largest frequency of favourable alleles that control fruit yield. Such donor line should be used to improve the elite eggplant hybride K35 x K12. The fruit yield of the elite hybrid, its parents and their hybrids with three potential donor lines (K36/1, K11 and K22/2) was examined in a diallel set by means of field trials. The trials were set in a randomised block design in three replications. After the fruit yield had been measured, the modified method of evaluation of relative loci value according to Dudley (1987) was applied. All inbred lines expressed positive values of the mG’ parameter. The K11 inbred had the largest mG’ value (2.38*) and, also, the lowest frequency of unfavourable alleles on the loci class D (1.33). It was established that the K11 inbred line was more related to the K35 parental inbred line (7.81). Consequently, on the basis of the mD’ values, improvement should be obtained by backcrossing the elite hybrid K35 x K11 to the donor inbred K11.
Key words: eggplant, donor of favourable alleles, elite hybrid, improvement, backcrossing
Corresponding author: Maja Vračarević, ARI SERBIA, Zeleni Venac 2/III, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; e-mail: vracara@bitsyu.net, fax: +381113076133, phone: +381113076133
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 69-81
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.827; 633.75
Original scientific paper
GENETIC STUDIES AND THEIR IMPLICATION TO BREED DESIRED PLANT TYPE IN OPIUM POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.)
S.P. SINGH, S. SHUKLA, and H.K. YADAV
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226001, India
Abstract
Singh S.P., S. Shukla, and H.K. Yadav (2004). Genetic studies and their implication to breed desired plant type in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 69-81.
The extent of genetic variability, heritability, correlation coefficient and path analysis were analyzed for opium yield, seed yield and eight component traits in a group of 101 germplasm lines of different ecogeographical origin. Heritability was high for all the characters except capsules/plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and coefficient of variability was noticed for capsule weight/plant, capsule area, husk yield/plant, seed yield/plant, opium yield/plant and leaves/plant. Opium yield, seed yield, husk yield and capsule weight exhibited positively significant correlation among themselves and these four characters had also positive significant genotypic correlation with plant height, branches/plant, capsules/plant, capsule area and leaves/plant. Path coefficient analysis indicated that capsule weight/plant had highest direct path towards opium yield (2.267) followed by capsules/plant (0.291), capsule area (0.203), plant height (0.155) and leaves/plant (0.101). Considering the direct and indirect selection of major contributors, a plant type in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) based on multiple selection index has been discussed to enhance opium yield on one hand and dual purpose varieties (opium and seed yield) on the other hand.
Key words: opium poppy, heritability, correlation, path analysis, plant type, opium
Corresponding author: S.P. Singh, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow – 226001, India
Phone: 91-522-2205842; Fax: 91-522-2205836; e-mail: s.p.singh@nbri.res.in
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.1 (2004), pp. 83-92
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 633.15; 575.21
Original scientific paper
NEW METHOD TO DETERMINE FAO NUMBER OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
L. C. MARTON1, D. SZIEBERTH2, and M. CSÜRÖS2
1 Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár,
2 National Institute for Agricultural Quality Testing, Budapest, Hungary
Abstract
L. C. Marton, D. Szieberth, and M. Csürös (2004): New method to determine FAO number of maize (Zea mays L.). – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 1, 83-92.
FAO numbers are generally calculated from the grain moisture at harvest, which has decreased substantially in recent decades. In many countries maize is now harvested with a grain moisture of around 20 %. However, the lower the grain moisture at harvest, the smaller the difference in grain moisture between the maturity groups and/or individual hybrids. The reliability of grain moisture measurements has not improved parallel to the decline in the differences between hybrids, making it difficult to determine the maturity dates of the hybrids reliably. A new method has been elaborated to solve this problem and has been successfully used for the last two years in official trials in Hungary. The new method has several advantages: (a) more maturity parameters are taken into consideration, so the evaluation of more data improves reliability, (b) regression between the maturity parameters and the FAO number is calculated using several standards, thus reducing the effect of the G × E interaction and the experimental error. As a result, the annual fluctuation in the FAO number for each 1 % grain moisture is reduced.
Key words: maturity, maize, FAO number, vegetation period
Corresponding author: dr. Marton L. Csaba 2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik út 2. Hungary. Fax: +36 22 569556, phone: +36 22 569537, email: martoncs@mail.mgki.hu