GENETIKA, Vol. 36, No.2 (2004)
Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ MICIĆ, Iva ERIĆ, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ, Dražen JELOVAC, аnd Kosana KONSTANTINOV
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MAIZE BREEDING [Abstract] [Full text]
S.P. SINGH, S. SHUKLA, and H.K. YADAV
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO BREEDING SYSTEM IN OPIUM POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Mile SEČANSKI, Tomislav ŽIVANOVIĆ, Goran TODOROVIĆ, and Gordana ŠURLAN-MOMIROVIĆ
COMPONENTS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY OF GRAIN YIELD OF SILAGE MAIZE [Abstract] [Full text]
Vladislava GALOVIĆ, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ-DRINIĆ, Dražen JELOVAC, and Julijana NAVALUŠIĆ
APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF AFLP FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUE IN MAIZE DNA PROFILING AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION [Abstract] [Full text]
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, and Danica MIĆANOVIĆ
PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY OF PLANT HEIGHT IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ, and Danica MIĆANOVIĆ
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ-VARGA, Mirjana VASIĆ, Janko ČERVENSKI, and Dušanka BUGARSKI
GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER GARLIC [Abstract] [Full text]
Branka J. KRESOVIĆ, Živorad V. VIDENOVIĆ, and Miodrag M. TOLIMIR
GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION EFFECT ON HETEROSIS EXPRESSION IN MAIZE [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 93-109
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 577.21
Review article
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN MAIZE BREEDING
Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Dragana IGNJATOVIĆ MICIĆ, Iva ERIĆ, Violeta ANĐELKOVIĆ, Dražen JELOVAC, аnd Kosana KONSTANTINOV
Maize Research Institute "Zemun polje", 11185 Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Mladenović Drinić S., D. Ignjatović Micić, I. Erić, V. Anđelković, D. Jelovac, K. Konstantinov (2004): Biotechnology in maize breeding. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 93-109.
Maize is one of the most important economic crops and the best studied and most tractable genetic system among monocots. The development of biotechnology has led to a great increase in our knowledge of maize genetics and understanding of the structure and behaviour of maize genomes. Conventional breeding practices can now be complemented by a number of new and powerful techniques. Some of these often referred to as molecular methods, enable scientists to see the layout of the entire genome of any organism and to select plants with preferred characteristics by "reading" at the molecular level, saving precious time and resources. DNA markers have provided valuable tools in various analyses ranging from phylogenetic analysis to the positional cloning of genes. Application of molecular markers for genetic studies of maize include: assessment of genetic variability and characterization of germ plasm, identification and fingerprinting of genotypes, estimation of genetic distance, detection of monogamic and quantitative trait loci, marker assisted selection, identification of sequence of useful candidate genes, etc. The development of high-density molecular maps which has been facilitated by PCR-based markers, have made the mapping and tagging of almost any trait possible and serve as bases for marker assisted selection. Sequencing of maize genomes would help to elucidate gene function, gene regulation and their expression. Modern biotechnology also includes an array of tools for introducing or deleting a particular gene or genes to produce plants with novel traits. Development of informatics and biotechnology are resulted in bioinformatic as well as in expansion of microarrey technic. Modern biotechnologies could complement and improve the efficiency of traditional selection and breeding techniques to enhance agricultural productivity.
Key words: maize, molecular markers, transformation, genomics, bioinformatics
Corresponding author: Snežana Mladenović Drinić, Maize Research Institute "Zemun polje", Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade – Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
Tel: +381-11-3756704; Fax: +381-11-3756707; e-mail: msnezana@mrizp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 111-120
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575; 633.75
Original scientific paper
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS IN RELATION TO BREEDING SYSTEM IN OPIUM POPPY (PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM L.)
S.P. SINGH, S. SHUKLA, and H.K. YADAV
Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR), Lucknow-226001, India
Abstract
Singh, S.P., Shukla, S. and Yadav, H.K. (2004). Multivariate analysis in relation to breeding system in (Papaver somniferum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 34, No. 2, 111-120.
The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant of great pharmacopoel uses. 101 germplasm lines of different eco-geographical origin maintained at National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow were evaluated to study the genetic divergence for seed yield/plant, opium yield/plant and its 8 component traits following multivariate and canonical analysis. The genotypes were grouped in 13 clusters and confirmed by canonical analysis. Sixty eight percent genotypes (69/101) were genetically close to each other and grouped in 6 clusters (II, III, IV, V, VIII, XII) while apparent diversity was noticed for 32 percent (32/101) of the genotypes who diversed into rest 7 clusters (I, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XIII). Inter cluster distance ranged from 47.28 to 234.55. The maximum was between IX and X followed by VII and IX (208.30) and IX and XI (205.53). The genotypes in cluster IX, X, XI, and XII had greater potential as breeding stock by virtue of high mean values of one or more component characters and high statistical distance among them. Based on findings of high cluster mean of component trait and inter-cluster distance among clusters, a breeding plan has been discussed.
Key words: opium, multivariate, canonical, cluster, eco-geographical, germplasm
Corresponding author: S.P. Singh, National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow – 226001, India
Tel: 91-522-2205842; Fax: 91-522-2205836; e-mail: s.p.singh@nbri.res.in
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 121-131
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.1; 633.13
Original scientific paper
COMPONENTS OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY OF GRAIN YIELD OF SILAGE MAIZE
Mile SEČANSKI1, Tomislav ŽIVANOVIĆ2, Goran TODOROVIĆ1, and Gordana ŠURLAN-MOMIROVIĆ2
1 Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun,
2 Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Sečanski M., T. Živanović, G. Todorović and G. Šurlan-Momirović (2004): Components of genetic variability and heritability of grain yield of silage maize. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 121-131.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the following parameters for the grain yield of silage maize: variability of inbred lines and their diallel hybrids, superior-parent heterosis and components of genetic variability and heritability on the basis of the diallel set. The two-year four-replicate trial was set up according to the randomised complete-block design at Zemun Polje. It was determined that a genotype, year and their interaction significantly affected variability of this trait. The highest, i.e. the lowest grain yield, on the average for both investigation years, was recorded in the silage maize inbred lines ZPLB402 and ZPLB405, respectively. The analysis of components of genetic variance for grain yield shows that the additive component (D) was lower than the dominant (H1 and H2) genetic variance, while a positive component F and the frequency of dominant (u) and recessive (v) genes for this observed trait point to prevalence of dominant genes over recessive ones. Furthermore, this is confirmed by the ratio of dominant to recessive genes in parental genotypes for grain yield (Kd/Kr>1) that is greater than unity in both years of investigation. The estimated value of the average degree of dominance (H1/D)½ exceeds unity, pointing out to superdominance in inheritance of this trait in both years of investigation. Results of Vr/Wr regression analysis indicate superdominance in inheritance of grain yield. Moreover, a registered presence of non-allelic interaction points out to the need to study effects of epistasis, as it can have a greater significance in certain hybrids. A greater value of dominant than additive variance resulted in high values of broad-sense heritability for grain yield in both investigation years (98.71%, i.e. 97.19% in 1997, i.e. 1998, respectively), and low values of narrow-sense heritability (11.9% in 1997 and 12.2% in 1998).
Key words: silage maize, grain yield, heterosis, components of genetic variance, heritability, regression analysis
Corresponding author: Mile Sečanski, Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 133-142
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.116; 633.13
Original scientific paper
APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES OF AFLP FINGERPRINTING TECHNIQUE IN MAIZE DNA PROFILING AND PLANT VARIETY PROTECTION
Vladislava GALOVIĆ1, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ-DRINIĆ2, Dražen JELOVAC2, and Julijana NAVALUŠIĆ1
1 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad,
2 Maize Research Institute, 11185 Zemun Polje, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Galović V., S. Mladenović-Drinić, D. Jelovac, and J. Navalušić (2004): Application possibilities of AFLP fingerprinting technique in maize DNA profiling and plant variety protection. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 133-142.
As a contribution to DUS testing within the system of protection of plant breeders' rights (PBR), the AFLP molecular system has been used in this study to produce DNA fingerprinting profiles. DNA polymorphism and genetic distance of nine agronomicaly important maize genotypes has been investigated using the AFLP technique. Two specific adapters, two preselective primers and twenty selective primers were utilized for DNA amplification. The selective primers were GC rich, each having a 3-mer selective sequence at 3’ termini. Ten double stranded primer combinations were made out of the twenty primers but only five of them turned out to be reliable. Out of 253 amplified DNA fragments, 177 were polymorphic (70%). The CGA/GAG (B) primer combination has proved to be the most polymorphic (44 polymorphic fragments have been recorded) revealing the polymorphism rate of 81.5%. Genotypes g1 and g7 were most distinct (GD=55% and GD=79%, respectively) and genotypes g1, g4 and g8 were closest (GD=55% in all cases). The paper discusses possible uses of AFLP DNA profiling technique to achieve a unique fingerprinting pattern of agronomicaly important maize genotypes.
Key words: DUS, PBR, AFLP, PCR, DNA fingerprinting, genetic distance
Corresponding author: Vladislava Galović, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro.
e-mail: galovic@ifvcns.ns.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 143-150
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21; 633.11
Original scientific paper
PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY OF PLANT HEIGHT IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, and Danica MIĆANOVIĆ
Agriculture Research Institute SERBIA, Center for Small Grains Kragujevac,
34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Veselinka Zečević, Desimir Knežević, and Danica Mićanović (2004): Phenotypic variability and heritability of plant height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 143-150.
Variability, heritability and components of variance have been studied in 50 cultivars from different selection centers all over the world. The experiment was performed in randomized block design in three replications on the experimental field during two seasons. A total number of 60 plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. The analyzed cultivars displayed very significant differences in the average value of plant height. The average variability of plant height was V=7.4%. The lowest variability of plant height was found in the Fundulea cultivar (V=5.2%), and the highest in Norin 10 (V=9.8%) cultivar. The obtained heritability value in broad sense was very high for plant height (h2=95.9%). Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that there was a larger influence of genetic factors for plant height (84.32%) than influence of environmental factors on expressing of analyzed yield components.
Key words: wheat, cultivar, plant height, variability, phenotypic variance, heritability
Corresponding author: Veselinka Zečević, Agriculture Research Institute SERBIA, Center for Small Grains Kragujevac, S. Kovačevića 31, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro.
tel.: 381-34-333-046; fax: 381-34-304-100; e-mail: joca@knez.uis.kg.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 151-159
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21; 633.11
Original scientific paper
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY OF YIELD COMPONENTS IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
Veselinka ZEČEVIĆ 1, Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ 1, Marija KRALJEVIĆ-BALALIĆ 2, and Danica MIĆANOVIĆ 1
1 Agriculture Research Institute SERBIA, Center for Small Grains Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac,
2 Faculty of Agriculture, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Zečević V., D. Knežević, M. Kraljević-Balalić, and D. Mićanović (2004): Genetic and phenotypic variability of yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 151-159.
The heritability, phenotypic variability and
components of variance for spike length and number of spikelets per spike have
been studied in 50 cultivars from different selection centers all over the
world. The experiment was performed in randomized block design in three
replications on the experimental field in two years. A total number of 60
plants have been analyzed in the full maturity stage. Average estimated values
of spike length and number of spikelets per spike differed significantly among
years and among cultivars. The highest average value of spike length had
Mironovskaya 808 cultivar (
=14.5 cm), and the lowest
value was found in Etoille de Choisy (=8.1 cm) and San Pastore cultivar
(=8.2). During investigated
periods the highest average value for number of spikelets/spike had Sava cultivar (=28.2), and the lowest value
expressed Frontana cultivar (=19.2). The average variation
coefficient for spike length was 8.0%, and for number of spikelets per spike
was 7.5%. The lowest variability for spike length was established in Pernel
cultivar (V=4.8%) and the highest in Lepenica cultivar (V=12.9%). The
coefficient of variation for number of spikelets per spike ranged from 4.7% in
Bankut 1205 to 12.4% in Norin 10 cultivar. The obtained heritability values in
broad sense were fairly high for spike length (96.4%) and number of spikelets
per spike (79.1%). Phenotypic analysis of variance indicated that genetic
variance took a larger portion of the total phenotypic variability for spike
length (81.82%) and for number of spikelets per spike (57.36%) than influence
of environmental factors on expressing of analyzed yield components.
Key words: wheat, cultivar, spike length, number of spikelets/spike, variability, phenotypic variance, heritability
Corresponding author: Veselinka Zečević, Agriculture Research Institute SERBIA, Center for Small Grains Kragujevac, S. Kovačevića 31, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro
tel.: 381-34-333-046; fax: 381-34-304-100; e-mail: joca@knez.uis.kg.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 161-170
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.21; 635.26
Original scientific paper
GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER GARLIC
Jelica GVOZDANOVIĆ-VARGA, Mirjana VASIĆ, Janko ČERVENSKI, and Dušanka BUGARSKI
Scientific Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Gvozdanović-Varga J., M. Vasić, J. Červenski, D. Bugarski (2004): Genotype and environment effects on yield and quality of winter garlic. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 161-170.
Genotype response to changeable environmental factors as expressed through genotype x environment interaction offers important information to breeders and growers as end users. Bulb mass and dry matter yield per bulb are major components of garlic yield and quality. The paper analyzed G x E interaction of 18 winter garlic genotypes (13 populations and five clones) across three growing seasons. Main effects of the genotype, environment and their interaction were determined applying the AMMI model. Year was the major source of variability for bulb mass (70.7%), while G x E interaction amounted to 6.18%. Dry matter yield was most variable under the effect of genotype (46.91%) and the interaction was high, 13.45%. The first principal component was important for bulb mass and dry matter yield since it explained 77.52% and 78.39% of the G x E interactions, respectively. A biplot was constructed to graphically represent the G x E interaction.
Key words: genotype/environment interaction, AMMI, garlic
Corresponding author: Jelica Gvozdanović-Varga, Scientific Institute of field and vegetable crops, M.Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro, tel: 021-4898-356,
e-mail: jeca@ifvcns.ns.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 36, No.2 (2004), pp. 171-180
© 2004 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.827; 633.13
Original scientific paper
GENOTYPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTION EFFECT ON HETEROSIS EXPRESSION IN MAIZE
Branka J. KRESOVIĆ, Živorad V. VIDENOVIĆ, and Miodrag M. TOLIMIR
Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
Abstract
Kresović B.J., Ž.V. Videnović, and M.M. Tolimir (2004): Genotype and environmental interaction effect on heterosis expression in maize. – Genetika, Vol. 36, No. 2, 171-180.
The three-year studies on effects оf irrigation and sowing densities were carried out on chernozem at Zemun Polje in the period 1998-2000. The four-replicate trial was set up according to the split-plot design. Six ZP maize hybrids (ZP 360, ZP 539, ZP 580, ZP 633, ZP 677, and ZP 704) were sown in seven densities (40,816, 50,125, 59,523, 69,686, 79,365, 89,286 and 98,522 plants ha-1) under both, irrigation and rainfed conditions. Obtained results indicate that yields of hybrids under irrigation conditions were lower аt sowing densities up to 50,000 plants ha-1 (40,816 and 50,125). The hybrid ZP 539 had similar yields (13.44-13.93 t ha-1) at densities ranging from 60,000 to 100,000 plants ha-1. The highest yields of hybrids ZP 360 and ZP 580 were achieved with the densities of 80,000, 90,000 and 100,000 plants ha-1. The hybrid ZP 633 had the highest yields at the densities of 60,000-90,000 plants ha-1, while the highest yields of the hybrids ZP 677 and ZP 704 were achieved with densities of 60,000-100,000 plants ha-1. The curvilinear regression was determined by the analysis of dependence of achieved yields of maize hybrids on sowing densities. The following maximum yields could be expected under irrigation conditions: ZP 360 - 14.19 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 93,500 plants ha-1; ZP 539 - 14.03 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 78,500 plants ha-1; ZP 580 - 14.41 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 95,700 plants ha-1; ZP 633 - 13.64 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 80,000 plants ha-1; ZP 677 - 13.31 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 92,250 plants ha-1 and ZP 704 - 14.33 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 84,111 plants ha-1.
Key words: densities, yields, maize, irrigation
Corresponding author: Branka Kresović, Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Slobodana Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia and Montenegro
Tel: +381-11-3756704; Fax: +381-11-3756707; e-mail: bkresovic@mrizp.co.yu