GENETIKA, Vol. 39, No.2 (2007)
Dragoslav MARINKOVIĆ and Vladimir KEKIĆ
CAPACITIES FOR POPULATION-GENETIC VARIATION AND ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS [Abstract] [Full text]
Zorana SREĆKOV, Jan BOĆANSKI, and Mile IVANOVIĆ
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OIL CONTENT AND MORPHOPOGICAL TRAITS IN HIGH OIL MAIZE POPULATION NSU1 [Abstract] [Full text]
M. DENIC, P. CHAUQUE, P. FATO, C. SENETE, D. MARIOTE and W. HAAG
BREEDING APPROACHES IN SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION FOR MULTIPLE STRESS TOLERANCE OF MAIZE IN TROPICAL ENVIROMENTS [Abstract] [Full text]
Ljubisa TOPISIROVIC, Katarina VELJOVIC, Amarela TERZIC VIDOJEVIC, Ivana STRAHINIC and Milan KOJIC
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ZLATAR CHEESE [Abstract] [Full text]
Kosana KONSTANTINOV and Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ
MOLECULAR GENETICS - STEP BY STEP IMPLEMENTATION IN MAIZE BREEDING
Marko ANDJELKOVIĆ, Marina STAMENKOVIĆ-RADAK, Zorana KURBALIJA, Bojan KENIG, Gordana RAŠIĆ, Vuk SAVKOVIĆ, Predrag KALAJDŽIĆ, Tatjana SAVIĆ and Marija SAVIĆ
THE STUDY OF CHROMOSOMAL INVERSION POLYMORPHISM OF Drosophila subobscura OVER YEARS IN TWO DIFFERENT HABITATS FROM MOUNTAIN GOČ [Abstract] [Full text]
Zorica PAJIĆ
BREEDING OF MAIZE TYPES WITH SPECIFIC TRAITS AT THE Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje [Abstract] [Full text]
Nada BARJAKTAROVIĆ
THE GENETICS OF DIABETES [Abstract] [Full text]
Ksenija Marković, Dragana Ignjatović-Micić, Goran Saratlić, Vesna Lazić-Jančić
Identification of chromosome regions determining kernel high oil content in MAIZE (Zea mays L.) synthetic populations [Abstract] [Full text]
Jelena KNEŽEVIĆ-VUKČEVIĆ, Branka VUKOVIĆ-GAČIĆ and Draga SIMIĆ
Slavica STANKOVIĆ, Jelena LEVIĆ and Dragica IVANOVIĆ
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF MAIZE PATHOGENS IN SERBIA [Abstract] [Full text]
Vasilije ISAJEV and Ksenija RADOTIĆ
VARIABILITY OF PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN THE NEEDLES OF AUSTRIAN PINE (Pinus nigra Arnold) HALF-SIB LINES [Abstract] [Full text]
R.M. PANDEY
NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN AMARANTHUS [Abstract] [Full text]
Milan MATARUGA, Vasilije ISAJEV, Kosana KONSTANTINOV, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ, Vanja DANIČIĆ
PROTEINS IN SEED AND SEEDLINGS OF SELECTED AUSTRIAN PINE (Pinus nigra Arnold) TREES AS GENETIC MARKERS TOLERANT TO DROUGHT [Abstract] [Full text]
Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, Aleksandra Yu. NOVOSELSKAYA-DRAGOVICH
POLYMORPHISM OF Gli-D1 ALLELES OF KRAGUJEVAC’S WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS (Triticum aestivum L.) [Abstract] [Full text]
Snežana B.PAJOVIĆ
POLYGENIC AND MILTUFACTORIAL DISORDES [Abstract] [Full text]
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 93-102
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 596.77
Original scientific paper
CAPACITIES FOR POPULATION-GENETIC VARIATION AND ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS
Dragoslav MARINKOVIĆ and Vladimir KEKIĆ
Abstract
Marinković D. and V.Kekić (2007): Capacities for population-genetic variation and ecological adaptations. – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 93 -102.
In contemporary science of population genetics it is equally complex and important to visualize how adaptive limits of individual variation are determined, as well as to describe the amount and sort of this variation. Almost all century the scientists devoted their efforts to explain the principles and structure of biological variation (genetic, developmental, environmental, interactive, etc.), basing its maintenance within existing limits mostly on equilibria proclaimed by Hardy-Weinberg rules. Among numerous model-organisms that have been used to prove these rules and demonstrate new variants within mentioned concepts, Drosophila melanogaster is a kind of queen that is used in thousands of experiments for almost exactly 100 years (Carpenter 1905), with which numerous discoveries and principles were determined that later turned out to be applicable to all other organisms. It is both, in nature and in laboratory, that Drosophilids were used to demonstrate the basic principles of population-genetic variation that was later applied to other species of animals. In ecological-genetic variation their richness in different environments could be used as an exact indicator of the status of a determined habitat, and its population-genetic structure may definitely point out to a possibility that specific resources of the environment start to be in danger to deteriorate, or to disappear in the near future. This paper shows clear-cut differences among environmental habitats, when populations of Drosophilidae are quantitatively observed in different wild, semi-domestic and domestic environments, demonstrating a highly expressed mutual dependence of these two parameters.
A crucial approach is how to estimate the causes that determine the limits of biological, i.e. of individual and population-genetic variation. The realized, i.e. adaptive variation is much lesser than a total possible variation of a polygenic trait, and in this study, using a moderately complex gene-enzyme system, is estimated to be smaller than 0.2%. For an allozymic system based on 9 loci at three D. melanogaster chromosomes, the estimate is that chromosomal types are reduced, on the average, to ca. 3% during meiotic divisions, and that available gene-enzyme combinations are reduced further 15 times in gamete selection. So finalized metabolic or adaptive developmental programs are emphasized to be the basic targets of Darwinian selection, rather than chromosomes or individual genes, that are involved in these programs.
Key words: population genetics, Drosophila, variability
Corresponding author: Dragoslav Marinković, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 103-112
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.22: 633.15
Original scientific paper
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS BETWEEN OIL CONTENT AND MORPHOPOGICAL TRAITS IN HIGH OIL MAIZE POPULATION NSU1
Zorana SREĆKOV 1, Jan BOĆANSKI 2, and Mile IVANOVIĆ 2
1 Post-graduate student, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
2 Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
Abstract
Srećkov Z., J. Bočanski and M.Ivanović (2007): Genetic and phenotypic correlations between oil content and morphopogical traits in high oil maize population NSU1. – Genetika, Vol.39, No. 2, 103-112.
In this paper we are studied correlations between grain yield and oil content, on one side, and morphological traits of plant and ear, on the other side, in two testcross maize populations. In testcross combination NSU1 × 568/II NS, oil content had positive genetic correlation with all studied traits. At the second studied population, NSU1 × B73, oil content had positive correlation only with ear height and ear lenght, while correlation between oil content and plant height and kernel row number were negative. Between other studied traits, at 568/II testcrosses, the strongest relationship was found between plant and ear height, and at B73 testcrosses between plant height and ear length. In NSU1 × 568/II NS, oil content had positive phenotypic correlations with all traits, except, with a kernel row number. In the second studied population, phenotypic correlations between oil content and all traits (except ear length) were negative. The highest value of phenotypic correlation between other studied traits, in NSU1 × 568/II NS testcross combination, was found between plant and ear height, and in NSU1 × B73, between plant height and kernel row number.
Key words: maize, morphological traits, oil content, correlations
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 113-124
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.22: 633
Original scientific paper
BREEDING APPROACHES IN SIMULTANEOUS SELECTION FOR MULTIPLE STRESS TOLERANCE OF MAIZE IN TROPICAL ENVIROMENTS
Miloje DENIC1, P. CHAUQUE1, P. FATO1, C. SENETE1, D. MARIOTE1 and W. HAAG 2
1Institute for Research in Agriculture of Mozambique (IIAM), Maputo
2SG 2000, Maputo, Mozambique
Abstract
Denić M., P. Chauque, P. Fato, C. Senete, D. Mariote and W. Haag (2007): Breeding approaches in simultaneous selection for multiple stress tolerance of maize in tropical environments. – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 113 - 124.
Maize is the principal crop and major staple food in the most countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. However, due to the influence of abiotic and biotic stress factors, maize production faces serious constraints. Among the agro-ecological conditions, the main constraints are: lack and poor distribution of rainfall; low soil fertility; diseases (maize streak virus, downy mildew, leaf blights, rusts, gray leaf spot, stem/cob rots) and pests (borers and storage pests). Among the socio-economic production constraints are: poor economy, serious shortage of trained manpower; insufficient management expertise, lack of use of improved varieties and poor cultivation practices. To develop desirable varieties, and thus consequently alleviate some of these constraints, appropriate breeding approaches and field-based methodologies in selection for multiple stress tolerance, were implemented. These approaches are mainly based on: a) Crossing selected genotypes with more desirable stress tolerant and other agronomic traits; b) Using the disease/pest spreader row method, combined with testing and selection of created progenies under strong to intermediate pressure of drought and low soil fertility in nurseries; and c) Evaluation of the varieties developed in multi-location trials under low and “normal” inputs. These approaches provide testing and selection of large number of progenies, which is required for simultaneous selection for multiple stress tolerance. Data obtained revealed that remarkable improvement of the traits under selection was achieved. Biggest progress was obtained in selection for maize streak virus and downy mildew resistance, flintiness and earliness. In the case of drought stress, statistical analyses revealed significant negative correlation between yield and anthesis-silking interval, and between yield and days to silk, but positive correlation between yield and grain weight per ear.
Key words: simultaneous selection, multiple stress factors, diseases, drought, earliness, grain texture, protein quality
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 125-138
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 634.54
Original scientific paper
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY
OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ZLATAR CHEESE
Ljubisa TOPISIROVIC, Katarina VELJOVIC, Amarela TERZIC, VIDOJEVIC, Ivana STRAHINIC and Milan KOJIC
Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Belgrade
Abstract
Topisirović Lj., K. Veljović, A. Terzić Vidojević, I. Strahinić and M. Kojić (2007): Comparative analysis of antimicrobial and proteolytic activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Zlatar cheese.– Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 125 -138.
Traditional artisan Zlatar cheese belongs to the group of white, semi hard home-made cheeses, which are produced from no pasteurized cow's milk, without addition of any known bacterial starter culture. In total, 253 Gram-positive and catalase negative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated. Results showed that 70 out of 253 analyzed isolates produced antimicrobial compounds known as bacteriocins. Most isolates from genera Lactococcus and Enterococcus, and isolates belonging to species Lactobacillus plantarum and Lb. brevis, do not synthesize extracellular proteinase. In contrast, isolates from subspecies Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei showed very good proteolytic activity. It was observed that good proteolytic activity of isolates was not in correlation with their good antimicrobial activity in the most of isolates.
Key words: Zlatar cheese, LAB, antimicrobial activity, proteolytic activity
Corresponding author: Ljubiša Topisirović, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P O Box 23, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
Phone: +381 11 397 59 60, Fax: +381 11 397 58 08
e-mail: lab6@eunet.yu; topisir@eunet.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 139-154
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575:633.15
Original scientific paper
MOLECULAR GENETICS - STEP BY STEP IMPLEMENTATION IN MAIZE BREEDING
Kosana KONSTANTINOV and Snežana MLADENOVIĆ DRINIĆ
Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“, Belgrade
Abstract
Konstantinov K. and S. Mladenović Drinić (2007): Molecular genetics - step by step implementation in maize breeding. – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 139-154.
Efficiency in plant breeding is determined primarily by the ability to screen for genetic polymorphism, productivity and yield stability early in program. Dependent on the knowledge about the biochemical bases of the trait and nature of its genetic control, trait could be modified either through mutagenesis of genes controlling it or through the transfer of already existing mutant genes, controlling desired trait to different plant genotypes by classic crossing. Objective of this report is to present partly results on the investigation of the possibilities to apply ionizing radiations (fast neutrons, γ - rays) and chemical mutagens (EI, iPMS, EMS, ENU) to get maize and wheat mutants with increased amount and improved protein quality. Besides this approach in mutation breeding, results on the very early investigation of biochemical background of opaque -2 mutation including use of coupled cell – free RNA and protein synthesis containing components from both wild and opaque – 2 maize genotypes (chromatin, RNA polymerase, microsomall fraction, protein bodies) will be presented. Partial results on opaque – 2 gene incorporation in different genetic background are reviewed.
Part of report is dealing with different classes of molecular markers (proteins, RFLP, AFLP, RAPD, and SSR) application in maize genome polymorphism investigation. Besides application of different molecular markers classes in the investigation of heterosis phenomena they are useful in biochemical pathway of important traits control determination as well.
Key words: maize, mutagens, chromatin, proteins, molecular markers, heterosis
Corresponding author: Kosana Konstantinov, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, S,Bajica 1, 11185 Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: kkosana@mrizp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 155-167
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 596.77
Original scientific paper
THE STUDY OF CHROMOSOMAL INVERSION POLYMORPHISM OF Drosophila subobscura OVER YEARS IN TWO DIFFERENT HABITATS FROM MOUNTAIN GOČ
Marko ANDJELKOVIĆ1,2, Marina STAMENKOVIĆ-RADAK1,2, Zorana KURBALIJA2, Bojan KENIG2, Gordana RAŠIĆ1, Vuk SAVKOVIĆ3, Predrag KALAJDŽIĆ1, Tatjana SAVIĆ2 and Marija SAVIĆ1
1Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade
2Institute of Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
3Carl-Ludwig Institute für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät,
Universität Leipzig, Deutschland
Abstract
Andjelković M., M. Stamenković-Radak, Z. Kurbalija, B.Kening, G.Rašić, V.Savković, P.Kalajdžić, T. Savić and M. Savić (2007): The study of chromosomal inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura over years in two different habitats from mountain Goč.– Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 155 - 167.
We analysed changes in the genetic structure of two ecologically distinct populations of Drosophila subobscura by assessing inversion polymorphism parameters for over years.
The frequencies of gene arrangements on all five chromosomes show variability in each population. Several chromosomal arrangements appeared for the first time in both populations. Significant difference in the overall distribution of gene arrangements between first and last year of study (1998/2006) in beach wood population of D.subobscura is found for chromosome A (a sex chromosome) and autosomes J and E, while in oak wood population the overall frequency of gene arrangements differ for autosomes J, E and O. The present significant changes of the particular gene arrangements are specific for each population and result in significant differences in comparisons at the level of individual chromosomes between years of study. Although overall heterozygosity remained unchanged over the years in beech habitat, it is significantly reduced in oak population in the fourth year.
The obtained results indicate that population structure may significantly depend on short-term and long-term microclimatic changes in habitats. Based on the results to date, monitoring of microevolutionary changes using D.ubobscura and its relatives seems a promising way to study the effects of global changes.
Key words: Drosophila subobscura, inversion polymorphism, population genetic structure, microclimatic change
Corresponding author: Marko Andjelković, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
e-mail: markoa@ibiss.bg.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 169-180
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 633.15
Original scientific paper
BREEDING OF MAIZE TYPES WITH SPECIFIC TRAITS AT THE Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje
Zorica PAJIĆ
Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
Pajić Z. (2007): Breeding of maize types with specific traits at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje. – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 169 - 180.
Maize is primarily grown as an energy crop, but the use of different specific versions, such as high-oil maize, high-lysine maize, waxy maize, white-seeded maize, popping maize and sweet maize, is quite extensive.
Speciality maize, due to its traits and genetic control of these traits, requires a particular attention in handling breeding material during the processes of breeding. It is especially related to prevention of uncontrolled pollination. In order to provide successful selection for a certain trait, the following specific procedures in evaluation of the trait are necessary: the estimation of a popping volume and flake quality in popping maize; the determination of sugars and harvest maturity in sweet maize; the determination of oil in selected samples of high‑oil maize types, and so forth.
Breeding programmes for speciality maize, except high-amylose maize, have been implemented at the Maize Research Institute, Zemun Polje, Belgrade, for the last 45 years. A great number of high-yielding sweet maize hybrids, popping maize, high-oil and high-lysine, flint and white-seeded maize hybrids were developed during this 45-year period. Auspicious selection and breeding for these traits is facilitated by the abundant genetic variability and technical and technological possibilities necessary for successful selection.
Key words: Breeding maize, high-lysine maize, high-oil maize, white maize, sweet maize, popping maize.
Corresponding author: Zorica Pajić, Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje, S.Bajica 1, 11185 Belgrade, Serbia, Phone: 011/3756704
e-mail: zpajic@mrizp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 181-195
© 2006 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575:576.385
Original scientific paper
THE GENETICS OF DIABETES
Nada BARJAKTAROVIĆ
Clinical Hospital Center "Zvezdara", Belgrade
Abstract
Barjaktarović N. (2007): The genetics of diabetes. – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 1, 181 -195.
Patogenesis of diabetes is still a mystery for medicine, the real challenge currently being the identification of genetic factors and specific mutations that cause the disease. Heterogeneity of diabetes hampers research, only a few loci inside the human genome being correlated with predisposition for disease till now.
Insulin-dependent diabetes – IDDM (T1DM) develops through autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. HLA complex on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21), where very important genes responsible for immunological condition of the person are located, plays a very important role in genetic predisposition for T1DM. Beside this region, there are also other loci in the human genome (on chromosomes 1, 2 and 11) where a correlation with T1DM has been shown. Correlation between HLA systems and T1DM was first described for class I alleles, but recently attention has been drawn to class II loci which seem to be the cause of primary predisposition for T1DM.
In the case of non-insulin-dependent diabetes – NIDDM (T2DM), the situation proved to be even more complex. Only a few genetic loci on chromosomes 11, 13 and 20 and MODY variant on chromosomes 7 and 12 have been identified by now. There are two theories about genetic basis of T2DM: the first stipulates that the genetic predisposition is determined through numerous loci, each individually responsible for a small part of predisposition; the second claims that there are a limited number of “major” genes probably functioning on a polygenic basis.
Further research in this area is definitely needed to enable an accurate calculation of the risks of the disease and possible consequences during a lifetime of a person.
Key words: genetics, diabetes, T1DM, NIDDM
Corresponding author: Nada Barjaktarović, Clinical Hospital Center »Zvezdara«; Belgrade, Serbia
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 197-206
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575:633.15
Original scientific paper
Identification of chromosome regions determining kernel high oil content in MAIZE (Zea mays L.) synthetic populations
Ksenija Marković, Dragana Ignjatović-Micić, Goran Saratlić,
Vesna Lazić-Jančić
Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“, Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
Marković K., D. Ignjatović Micić, G. Saratlić, and V. Lazić Jančić (2007): Identification of chromosome regions determining kernel high oil content in maize (Zea mays l.) synthetic populations. – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 197 -206.
Chromosome regions determining kernel high oil content were identified by RFLP analysis of individual plants from C0 and C9 selection cycles of two maize synthetic populations - DS7u and YuSSSu. Identification of chromosome regions was done with informative RFLP markers (that were identified with BSA earlier) using a single plant approach – analysis of individual plants. This analysis revealed the number of plants carrying alleles that endured frequency alterations during selection process. Statistical analysis (χ2 test) revealed chromosome regions that comprise putative QTLs affecting expression of kernel high oil content of analyzed maize populations. Four regions on chromosomes 1, 6, 7 and 8 were identified in both DS7u and YuSSSu populations. Additional four regions on chromosome 4, 9 and 10 were detected only in DS7u population.
Key words: maize, kernel oil content, RFLP, χ2 test, chromosome regions
Corresponding author: Dragana Ignjatović-Micić, Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“,
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade, Serbia,Phone: 011/3756-704,Fax: 011/3756-707
e-mail: idragana@mrizp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 207-226
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.6
Original scientific paper
Jelena KNEŽEVIĆ-VUKČEVIĆ, Branka VUKOVIĆ-GAČIĆ and Draga SIMIĆ
Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrad, Serbia
Abstract
Antigenotoxic potential in this study is estimated with prokaryotic and eukaryotic tests measuring spontaneous and induced mutations, recombination, mutagenic repair, chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei. Our results indicate that monoterpenoids from sage act as modulators of DNA repair pathways, whereas sage antioxidants interfere with metabolic activation enzymes. The potential use of sage extracts in cancer prevention is discussed.
Key words: antimutagens, plant extracts, microbial short-term tests
Corresponding author: Jelena Knežević-Vukčević, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade , Studentski trg 3/II, 11000 Belgrade, Phone/fax 011 2637 364
email: jelenakv@bfbot.bg.ac.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 227-240
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 633.15
Original scientific paper
GENETIC VARIABILITY OF MAIZE PATHOGENS IN SERBIA
Slavica STANKOVIĆ, Jelena LEVIĆ and Dragica IVANOVIĆ
Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
Abstract
Key words: maize, variability, VCG, mating population, races, pathogen
Corresponding author: Slavica Stanković, Maize Research Institute „Zemun Polje“, S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade,Serbia, Phone: 011/3756704,Fax: 011/3756707
e-mail: sstojkov@mrizp.co.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 241-250
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 582.47
Original scientific paper
VARIABILITY OF PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN THE NEEDLES OF AUSTRIAN PINE (Pinus nigra Arnold) HALF-SIB LINES
Vasilije ISAJEV1 and Ksenija RADOTIĆ2
1Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade
2Center for Multidisciplinary Studies, University of Belgrade, Belgrade
Abstract
Isajev V. and K.Radotić (2007): Variability of peroxidase activity and heavy metal content in the needles of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra arnold) half-sib lines – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 241-250.
Enzyme activity of peroxidases of total proteins and heavy metal contents were studied in the needles of eight different half-sib lines of Austrian pine. The samples were taken from a fourteen-year-old seedling seed orchard on Jelova Gora (near Užice). The results of this study show the pronounced variability of the concentration of total proteins, heavy metal concentration and enzyme activity of peroxidases in the study Austrian pine half-sib lines. This infers that proteins have different levels of expression in individual Austrian pine lines. Also the enzyme of peroxidases shows different activity depending on the genetic constitution of the trees of the analysed half-sib lines, because based on the seed orchard size and the planting pattern, it can be assumed that the effect of external factors is reduced to a minimum. The peroxidases present as soluble in the apoplast or with covalent bond to cell wall, have an important role in lignification, suberisation, healing of injuries, defence against pathogens and atmospheric pollutants.
Key words: peroxidase, heavy metals, needle, austrian pine
Corresponding author: Vasilije Isajev, Faculty of forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade; Phone: +381 11 3553 122
E-mail: dule78@hotmail.com
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 251-258
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 632
Original scientific paper
NATURE AND MAGNITUDE OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HETEROSIS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN AMARANTHUS
R.M. PANDEY
Division of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Agrotechnology, National Botanical Research Institute, India.
Abstract
Panday R.M. (2007): Nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heterosis and inbreeding depression in Amaranthus.– Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 251 -258.
Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression were estimated in grain amaranths for ten characters. Non- additive genetic variance was predominant for majority of characters in both F1 and F2 generations. The parent AG-21 was good general combiner for yield/plant also showed high gca effects for panicles/plant and harvest index in both F1 and F2 generations. Seven characters, the best F2s on the basis of SCA involves one parent with high GCA effect and the other with poor or average gca effects. The hybrids which exhibited highest heterosis also showed high inbreeding depression. Heterosis over better parent was highest for economic grain yield (145.047%), followed by panicles/plant (113.675%), panicle length (33.656%) and grain weight/panicle (23.566%).
Key words: Grain amaranths, combining ability, heterosis, inbreeding depression.
Corresponding author: R.M. Panday, Division of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Agrotechnology, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 259-272
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575: 582.47
Original scientific paper
proteinS IN SEED AND SEEDLINGS OF SELECTED AUSTRIAN PINE (Pinus nigra Arnold) TREES AS genETIC markerS tolerant TO DROUGHT
Milan MATARUGA1, Vasilije ISAJEV1,2, Kosana KONSTANTINOV3, Snežana MLADENOVIĆ-DRINIĆ3, Vanja DANIČIĆ1
1 Faculty of Forestry, University in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2 Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia
3 Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Zemun, Serbia
Abstract
Mataruga M., V. Isajev, K. Konstantinov, S. Mladenović Drinić, and V. Daničić (2007): Proteins in seed and seedlings of selected Austrian pine (Pinus nigra arnold) trees as genetic markers tolerant to drough.– Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 259 -272.
A precondition necessary for creation and selection of genotypes tolerant of stress conditions is a study of physiological, biochemical and molecular bases of their adaptive reaction to stress. The study includes 40 lines of free pollination originating from 5 provenances: Sutjeska, Višegrad, Tara, Teslic and Durmitor (B&H, Serbia and Montenegro). Two populations were selected from each provenance, i.e.: 5 lines of free pollination represent the population growing on the cliffs and 3 lines of free pollination represent the population growing at the best site of Austrian pine. Specific characteristics of the studied provenances, populations, and free pollination lines were confirmed by the analyses in the salt-soluble proteins. The identical protein composition was proved in a small number of cases in the replicates of the same free pollination line, which indicates a high intra-line variability, which can be the result of the effect of father, as well as of heterozygosity of mother trees. The analyses of protein composition of seed showed considerable differences at provenance level. Inter-line, population and provenance differences, and also, the interaction between the origin and drought factor, were recorded for 9-day-old seedlings germinated in induced drought conditions and in normal conditions.
Key words: Austrian pine, half sib lines, proteins, seed, seedlings
Corresponding author: Milan Mataruga, Faculty of Forestry, University in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
e-mail: mmilan@blic.net
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 273-282
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 575.113.2
Original scientific paper
POLYMORPHISM OF Gli-D1 ALLELES OF KRAGUJEVAC’S WINTER WHEAT CULTIVARS (Triticum aestivum L.)
Desimir KNEŽEVIĆ, Aleksandra Yu. NOVOSELSKAYA-DRAGOVICH2
1Faculty of Agriculture, Zubin Potok, University of Pristina, Serbia,
2Institute of General Genetics Moscow, Russia
Abstract
Knežević D., A.Yu.Novoselskaya-Dragovich (2007): Polymorphism of Gli-D1 alleles of Kragujevac’s winter wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.).– Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 273- 282.
Composition of gliadins encoded by Gli-D1 allele as well polymorphisms of Gli-D1 allele investigated in 25 wheat cultivars by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoregrams obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for estimation variability of gliadin components and identification of gliadin blocks. Five gliadin blocks encoded by different alleles at Gli-D1 locus were apparently expressed and identified. Gliadin blocks differed according to number of components and their molecular mass. Variability of determined block components indicates that existing polymorphysms of gliadins alleles. Frequency of identified 5 alleles at Gli-D1 locus was in ratio from 4% to 52%. The highest frequency of b allele and the of g allele was found.
Key words: allelelic variation, gliadin, bread wheat, cultivar, electrophoresis
Corresponding author: Desimir Knežević, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pristina, Jelene Anžujske bb. 38228 Zubin Potok, Kosovo and Metohia, Serbia, Phone/fax: +381 28 46 11 08, +381 64 614 88 82,
e-mail: deskoa@ptt.yu
Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 39, No.2 (2007), pp. 283-290
© 2007 Serbian Genetics Society
S. Bajića 1, 11185 Belgrade - Zemun
Serbia
UDC 576.316
Review articles
POLYGENIC AND MULTIFACTORIAL DISORDES
Snežana B.PAJOVIĆ
Laboratory of molecular biology and endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
Pajović B. S. (2007): Polygenic and multifactorial disordes – Genetika, Vol. 39, No. 2, 283-290.
Many factors influence our susceptibility to disease. These include our stress load, our environment and the toxins we absorb from it, the total number of infectious agents we are exposed to as well as our underlying genetic susceptibility to these diseases.
Multifactorial is the term given to the mode of transmission shown by a large number of diseases which show familial clustering but which is not in accord with any recognized pattern of single gene inheritance. These diseases include several common congenital malformations and acquired disorders of childhood and adult life. The underlying genetic mechanism is thought to involve interaction of relatively large numbers of genes – hence oligogenic or polygenic – with environmental factors.
The ultimate cause of Alzheimer’s (AD) is unknown. Genetic factors are suspected, and dominant mutations in three different genes have been identified that account for a much smaller number of cases of familial, early –onset AD. For the more form of late onset AD, ApoE is the only repeatedly confirmed susceptibility gene.
Coronary artery disease is well-recognized complication of several single-gene disorders involving lipid metabolism. Over 20 genes have been proposed as candidates for polygenic coronary artery disease. These include genes which control lipid metabolism, blood pressure, clotting, and fibrinolysis.
Key words: multifactorial disorders, disease, polygenic
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Snežana B. Pajović, Principal Research Fellow Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia