GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 8, No.2 (1976)

K.J. KASHA

UTILIZATION OF HAPLOIDY IN PLANT BREEDING AND MUTATION [Abstract]

H. GAUL, B. FOROUGHI-WEHR, G. MIX and H.M. WILSON

PLANTS PRODUCED BY BARLEY ANTHER CULTURE: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS [Abstract]

B. MATTSSON

SCREENING FOR HIGH PROTEIN MUTANTS IN OATS [Abstract]

Gizella KOTVICS

MUTATION BREEDING IN SOYBEAN [Abstract]

P. KUMP, P. RUPNIK and I. KREFT

DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSICAL SCREENING METHOD FOR HIGH METHIONINE AND HIGH CYSTINE MUTANTS [Abstract]

Maritsa VASSILEVA

OBTAINING FORMS WITH USEFUL TRAITS AND HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT IN PISUM SATIVUM L. [Abstract]

E. KIVI, I. MAKI and S. HOME

ATTEMPS TO TRANSFER HIGH ENZYME ACTIVITY TO TWO-ROWED BARLEYS USING MUTATION BREEDING [Abstract]

I. KREFT

ELECTROPHORETIC PROTEIN PATTERNS IN SOME BARLEY MUTANTS [Abstract]

M. DENIĆ, J. DUMANOVIĆ, L. EHRENBERG, G. EKMAN and R. SIMIĆ

HERITABLE VARIATIONS IN PROTEIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS, INDUCED BY RADIATION AND MUTAGENIC CHEMICALS [Abstract]

B. KØIE, H. DOLL and M. KREIS

EVALUATION OF A HIGH-LYSINE BARLEY GENE USING CHROMOSOME-DOUBLED MONOPLOIDS [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 101-110

Serbia

Original scientific paper

UTILIZATION OF HAPLOIDY IN PLANT BREEDING AND MUTATION

K.J. KASHA

Crop Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 2W1

Abstract

Kasha, K. J. (1976): Utilization of haploidy in plant breeding and mutation. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 101-110.

The use of haploids in mutation will be dictated by the system used for their production and the numbers one can obtain. When large numbers of haploids can be produced by pollen or anther culture, prior treatment of pollen with mutagenic agents seems to be a reasonable approach. When haploids are rare in occurrence, vegetative propagation and somatic cell cultures of the haploid would be likely requirements for their use. In Barley where moderate numbers of haploids can be produced by chromosome elimination, mutagenization of the diploid parents followed by haploid production would be a reasonable approach. Many criteria for the suitability of barley haploids for mutation research are similar to those for their use in supplementing breeding programs. A brief summary of the evaluation of doubled haploids in breeding will include: comparasion of lines with those derived from the same cross by other breeding methods; the number of lines to use in selecting superior crosses; and comparasion of doubled haploids with the F₁ hybrid from which they were derived. The adventages and limitations relative to the use of haploids in barley breeding are discussed. The frequency of haploid production and survival following mutagenization is the major limitation foreseen in barley.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 111-118

Serbia

Original scientific paper

PLANTS PRODUCED BY BARLEY ANTHER CULTURE: FURTHER OBSERVATIONS

H. GAUL, B. FOROUGHI-WEHR, G. MIX and H.M. WILSON

Abteilung für Pflanzengenetik, Grünbach, der Gesellschiaft für Strahlen und Umweltforschung mbH, München, FR Germany

Abstract

Gaul, H., Foroughi-Wehr, B., Mix, G. and Wilson, H. M. (1976): Plants produced by barley anther culture: Further observations. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2. 111-118.

It was found that anthers from plants grown in the phytotron gawe inferior results compared to those from plants grown under field conditions, with regard both to the percentage of responsive anthers and the percentage of green plant-lets regenerated.

Chromosome counts were made on a total of 88 plants produced by anther culture, 26 being white and 62 green. Haploid metaphases vere observed in every individual but diploid and aneuploid cells were also present often in the same preparation. Usually the relative proportions of haploid and diploid cells in the antheri-derived plants appeared to change as growth proceeded with the originally mixaploid plants becoming predominantly diploid. Diplontic selection is suggested as a possible explanation. Mature plants have been produced from 4 varieties so far, 24 being fertile and 8 sterile.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 119-127

Serbia

Original scientific paper

SCREENING FOR HIGH PROTEIN MUTANTS IN OATS

B. MATTSSON

The Swedish Seed Association, S-26800 Svalöv, Sweden

Abstract

Mattsson, B. (1976): Screening for high protein mutants in oats. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 119-127.

A mutation material was built up from the Swedish cultivar Sun II using recurrent treatments with X-rays and EMS. In Ms a screening; for high protein mutants was performed. After multiplication and a slight screening in M_s the material was analysed for protein content and thousand grain weight (tgw). All the treatments gave protein mutants and recurrent treatments were to some extent more effective. On average EMS induced mutants with higher protein content than X-rays and the dose effect was also more pronounced for this agent. There was a significant negative correlation between protein content and tgw. after treatment with X-rays, taking all the populations together. This correlation did not occur for the EMS-material. Neither were there any certain correlations within the separate populations from X-ray or EMS treatments.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 129-135

Serbia

Original scientific paper

MUTATION BREEDING IN SOYBEAN

Gizella KOTVICS

Department of Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary

Abstract

Kotvics, G. (1976): Mutation breeding in soybean.- Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 129-135.

In order to improve the productivity and earliness of soybean varieties a mutation breeding program was initiated at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Gödöllö in 1971.

Seeds of four varieties of soybean (ISZ. I., Sziirkebarat, Traverse, Merit) were treated with three doses (10, 20, 30 Kr) of gamma rays. All doses of gamma irradiation considerably decreased the yield of seeds and increased the crop growing cycle in M₁. In the M₂ generation we selected some macro-mutants (compact, nonfasciated, dwarf) and some early maturing mutants. In the M₂ the varieties responded to gamma irradiation with considerable differences. The Szürkebarat variety was the most sensitive to irradiation. The irradiation decreased the number of internodes and the number and weight of pods and seeds per plant. With the variety Merit the majority of the doses applied increased the plant height, the number of internodes, the number and weight of pods and seeds per plant and the 100 seed weight. In the other two varieties the irradiation increased the number of pods and weight of the seeds per plant only in a few cases. We have obtained some early mutant lines in the M₃ generation.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 137-142

Serbia

Original scientific paper

DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSICAL SCREENING METHOD FOR HIGH METHIONINE AND HIGH CYSTINE MUTANTS

P. KUMP, P. RUPNIK and I. KREFT

Institute »J. Stefan« and Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Kump, P., Rupnik, P. and Kreft, I. (1976): Development of a physical screening method for high methionine and high cystine 'mutants. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 137-142.

The quality of grain legume proteins depends strongly on the content of both sulphur containing amino acids, methionine and cystine. It is known that there is a correlation between the content of sulphur and the net dietary protein value of some human diets.

The method of proton induced X-rays (PIXE) analysis) was used to determine the content of sulphur and some other low Z elements (P, Cl, K, ... Fe). The absolute content of the elements was determined using Cs as an internal standard. The accuracy of the measured content of elements depends greatly on the technique of sample preparation.

Recent investigations have shown that the ratio of the contents of sulphur and nitrogen is directly correlated with the nutritional value of proteins of grain legumes. Therefore it is convenient to do an analysis of sulphur relative to the nitrogen content in the same sample. The resonant reaction ¹⁵N(p,αγ)¹²C at E_p = 898 keV is 'sensitive enough to obtain the nitrogen content using ¹²C deexitation gama-rays of energy 4.43 MeV. Using the mentioned reaction simultaneously with PIXE analysis it is possible to determine the ratio S/N, which is a measure of the quality of proteins in grain legumes. It seems to be possible on this principle to develop a fast and cheap mass screening method for high methionine and/or high cystine mutants.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 143-153

Serbia

Original scientific paper

OBTAINING FORMS WITH USEFUL TRAITS AND HIGH PROTEIN CONTENT IN PISUM SATIVUM L.

Maritsa VASSILEVA

Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bulgarian, Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract

Vassileva, M. (1876): Obtaining forms with useful traits and high protein content in Pisum sativum L. - Genetika, Vol, 8, No. 2, 143-153.

At the Institute of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sofia, more than 10 years of experimental work has been carried out for establishing the radiosensitivity and mutability of the pea (P. sativum). Some regularities have been established in connection with irradiation with different doses and rates of gamma rays and fast neutrons, as well as with various concentrations of EMS, DS and EL Numerous mutant forms possessing changed morphological, biological and biochemical traits have been obtained.

The investigations which will be discussed in the present communication deal mainly with the changes of some traits responsible for productivity and connected with the technology of cultivation. A high interest in breeding and genetical investigations has been expressed for a multibranch mutant fruticosa. The lateral branches of that mutant come from the base of the stem.

Some mutants which possess high productivity with large leaves as well as narrow leaves from the type lathyrus due to the reduced foliage area are of interest for drier regions.

Especially interesting are the mutants semicompactum and fasciata which have a short, strong and lodging-resistant stem. These mutants have flowers and pods accumulated at the top of the plants, which is very suitable for mechanised harvesting. Early-flowering forms have been also obtained. These forms have a 10-12 days shorter vegetation period and high productivity.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 155-158

Serbia

Original scientific paper

ATTEMPS TO TRANSFER HIGH ENZYME ACTIVITY TO TWO-ROWED BARLEYS USING MUTATION BREEDING

E. KIVI, I. MAKI and S. HOME

Hankkija plant Breeding Institute, SF-04300 Hyrylä and Panimolaboratorio, SF-00120 Helsinki 12, Finland

Abstract

Kivi, E., Maki, I. and Home, S. (1976): Attempts to transfer high enzyme activity to two-rowed barleys using mutatioil breeding. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 155-158.

By treating the enzymatioally very active six-rowed barley variety regarding both α- and β-amilase activity, its α- and β-amylase characteristics to the two-rowed type of barley. Four agronomically reliable two-rowed muflants were obtained. Their a-amylase activity is, much lower than that of the mother variety. The diastatic power of the mutants is similar to that of the six-rowed Pirkka variety and considerably higher than that of the ordinary two-rowed malting barleys. All the six-rowed mutant lines investigated are similar to the mother variety regarding both α- and β--amylase activity.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 159-161

Serbia

Original scientific paper

ELECTROPHORETIC PROTEIN PATTERNS IN SOME BARLEY MUTANTS

I. KREFT

Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 61000 Ljubljana, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Kreft, I. (1976): Electrovhoretic protein patterns in some barley mutants. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 159-161.

Electrophoretic protein patterns of 5 mutants from Union barley (IAEA, Vienna mutants H 5-10, H 14, H 5-9, H 12-11 and H 15-17) and one mutant from Bomi barley (Ris0 mutant 1508) were studied. Endosperms from yellow ripe, full ripe (dry), soaked and germinated seed were used for extraction of proteins. Although the electrophoretic protein patterns somewhat depended on the stage of development of the seeds, differences between two mutants (H 5-9 and 1508) and their respective controls were always clear. Some unexpected similarities in the electrophoretic patterns of mutant H 5-9 and 1508 were foud.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 163-176

Serbia

Original scientific paper

HERITABLE VARIATIONS IN PROTEIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS, INDUCED BY RADIATION AND MUTAGENIC CHEMICALS

M. DENIĆ¹, J. DUMANOVIĆ², L. EHRENBERG³, G. EKMAN³ and R. SIMIĆ¹

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, INEP, Zemun¹⁾ Maize Research Institute, 11080 Zemun²⁾, Yugoslavia

and Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Stockholm³⁾, Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

Denić, M., Dumanović, J., Ehrenberg, L., Ekman, G. and Simić, R. (1976): Heritable variations in protein yield and its components, induced by radiation and mutagenic chemicals. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 163-176.

Offspring progenies originating from mutation experiments with hexaploid wheat (cv. Bezostaja) were analyzed with regard to induced heritable variations in protein yield, protein content, plant height, number of plants per plot, kernel yield per plant and kernel size (thousand-grain weight). In analyses of multiple regressions of protein yield on the other five variables mentioned as well as protein content in preceding generations, and in addition to all possible multiple and partial correlations, the relative role of the other variables on the protein yield could be evaluated.

The data demonstrated that different mutagenic agents - γ-rays, neutrons, ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) and ethylenimine (El) - vary in »mutation spectra« with regard to the relative contribution of the other variables to the observed protein yield. El appears especially to give a deviating variation of possible practical value. In offspring from treatments with EMS and γ-rayS; correlation are complicated by the frequent appearance of low-yielding plants with shrivelled kernels and high-protein contents. In order to avoid such influences of »dwarf« characters, parallel correlation and regression analyses were run on the same materials after discarding all values below (mean value - 2.5 σ) of the respective control material.

In a special experiment, the (negative) regressions with plant density of yield per plant, protein content and the product of these two variables, viz., the protein yield, were determined. From these regressions, it is possible to introduce a correction factor that will improve the representatively of analytical data based on individual plants.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 8, No.2 (1976), pp. 177-182

Serbia

Original scientific paper

EVALUATION OF A HIGH-LYSINE BARLEY GENE USING CHROMOSOME-DOUBLED MONOPLOIDS

B. KØIE, H. DOLL and M. KREIS

Agricultural Research Department, Research Establishment Risø, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark

Abstract

Køie, B., Doll, H. and Kreis, M. (1976): Evaluation of a high-•lysine barley gene using chromosome-doubled monoploids. - Genetika, Vol. 8, No. 2, 177-182.

The effect on an induced high-lysine gene was evaluated by crossing the mutant with a normal barley variety. Monoploids were produced from the F, and chromosome doubled. The segregated high-lysine and normal-lysine lines were compared in a field trial.

The average grain yield of the high-lysine lines was 85 per cent of that of the normal-lysine lines, which decrease was chiefly the result of a reduction in starch production. Total protein production was unaffected by the mutation, but the production of hordein (low in lysine) was reduced and the production of the other protein fractions increased in the high-lysine lines, resulting in an increase of 10 per cent in lysine production.

The contents of soluble sugars and of free amino acids were significantly increased in the high-lysine lines indicating blocks in the biochemical pathways leading to starch and hordein synthesis.

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