GENETIKA, Vol

GENETIKA, Vol. 9, No.1 (1977)

F.J. AYALA

ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PROTEINS [Abstract]

D. MARINKOVIĆ

A NEW MODEL EXPLAINING THE VARIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS [Abstract]

Ana BANINA

NUMBER AND POSITION OF KNOBS IN THE MAIZE LINES AFTER DIFFERENT TIMING OF INBREEDING [Abstract]

Djurdjica VASILJ

GENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS AND HERITABILITY OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN CORN [Abstract]

M. VIDAKOVIĆ

OVERCOMING THE INCOMPATIBILITY IN CROSSING SOME PINE SPECIES [Abstract]

A. KRSTINIĆ

LETHAL EFFECT OF THE GENES FOR TORTUOUS STEM FORM IN THE HYBRIDS OF SALIX MATSUDANA TORTUOSA X S. ALBA [Abstract]

A. TUCOVIĆ and S. STILINOVIĆ

EXPERIENCE WITH INBREEDING IN FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN YUGOSLAVIA [Abstract]

Sibila JELASKA and Z. DEVIDÉ

THE APPLICATION OF PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE IN RECENT GENETIC RESEARCH [Abstract]

Slavica BUKVIĆ

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF A SEX EFFECT ON THE INDIVIDUAL EAR LOBE PHENOTYPE [Abstract]

Nada SAVKOVIĆ, Nataša MARIĆ, Jugoslava PEČEVSKI and Dušanka RADIVOJEVIĆ

THE EFFECT OF HYCANTHONE METHANESULFONATE ON THE FERTILITY AND INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS DURING THE MEIOSIS IN DIRECTLY TREATED AND F₁ MALE MICE [Abstract]

Nataša MARIĆ, Jugoslava PEČEVSKI, Nada SAVKOVIĆ and Dušanka RADIVOJEVIĆ

THE EFFECTS OF 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE ON THE FERTILITY AND INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS IN MEIOSIS IN DIRECTLY TREATED AND F1 MALE MICE [Abstract]

G.D. EFREMOV

PROBLEMS IN HUMAN BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS. PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVES [Abstract]

Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 1-15

Serbia

Original scientific paper

ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION OF PROTEINS

F.J. AYALA

Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA

Abstract

Ayala, F. J. (1977): Adaptive evolution of proteins. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1-15.

Studies of protein variation have shown that a great deal of genetic variation exists in natural populations of most organisms. From 20 to more than 50 percent of all gene loci are polymorphic in a given population; diploid individuals are heterozygous at between 5 and 20 percent of their gene loci. It has been suggested that most of the protein variation observed in natural populations is adaptively neutral. This proposition, known as the neutrality theory of protein evolution, implies that protein evolution occurs by the random process of sampling from generation to generation rather than by natural selection.

Evidence obtained from the study of a (group of species of Drosophila appears to be incompatible with the neutrality theory. Thirty-six gene loci coding for enzymes have been studied in thousands of individuals belonging to 14 closely related species and incipient species. At a given loous there are several clusters each with several species; species within a cluster have virtually identical genetic configurations {i.e. the same alleles in similar frequencies), while species in different clusters have completely different genetic constitutions. This pattern cannot be attributed to the evolutionary history of the species because the clusters contain different species at different loci.

The patterns of genetic variation in the species of the Drosophila willistoni group cannot be explained by a random process such as genetic drift. Protein evolution, therefore, appears to be subject to natural selection. It seems that at any given gene locus there are a few particular configurations of allelic frequencies that are adaptive for a population, while intermediate or alternate combinations of allelic frequencies are inadaptive. The adaptive genetic combinations may be called »adaptive foci«. Species evolve by moving from one adaptive focus to another at rates that are very fast on the evolutionary time scale.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 17-27

Serbia

Original scientific paper

A NEW MODEL EXPLAINING THE VARIATION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

D. MARINKOVIĆ

Faculty of Science, University of Beograd, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Marinković, D. (1977): A new model explaining the variation of quantitative traits. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 17-27.

The classical explanation of the inheritance of quantitative characteristics through a determination of prevalently additive genes is exposed to a critical consideration. A presumption that cumulative effects of allelic combinations of the genes involved in a polygenic complex are responsible for the variation of a quantitative trait, is discussed.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 29-38

Serbia

Original scientific paper

NUMBER AND POSITION OF KNOBS IN THE MAIZE LINES AFTER DIFFERENT TIMING OF INBREEDING

Ana BANINA

Institut za biološka istraživanja, Odelenje za genetiku, 11000 Beograd, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Banina, A. (1976): Number_ and position of knobs in the maize lines after different timing of inbreeding. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 29-38.

Data on number and position of knobs on pachytene chromosomes in 27 inbred lines of maize are presented. The average number of knobs was 2,81. The most frequent positions ware 9 ST, 4L and 7L₂, the rarest 8L, 7L,, I3S, 6L₃ and 2S. Investigation of the pachytene showed some noticeable differences in the number and position of knobs among the examined lines. In the present paper these differences are discussed.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 39-49

Serbia

Original scientific paper

GENOTYPIC CORRELATIONS AND HERITABILITY OF SOME YIELD COMPONENTS IN CORN

Djurdjica VASILJ

Zavod za genetiku i oplemenjivanje bilja, Poljoprivredni fakultet, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Vasilj, Dj. (1977): Genotypic correlations and heritability of some yield components in corn. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 39-49.

The genetic structure of covariation of different yield components was investigated in the light of heritability and phenotypic and genotypic correlations in three single crosses of corn and on the basis of several segregating and nonsegregating populations.

Genotypic and phenotypic correlations and heritability percentages (in the broad and narrow sense) were calculated from P₁, P₂, F₁, B₁, B₂, F₂ and F₃ populations.

The heritability percentages were estimated for number of kernels per ear, weight of kernels per ear and weight of 1000 kernels. A relatively high heritability percentage was obtained for weight of kernels per ear in all three single-crosses.

The genetic and phenotypic correlations between these characters were mostly positive and high, except between the number of kernels per ear and weight of kernels per ear which was negative and near zero.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 51-63

Serbia

Original scientific paper

OVERCOMING THE INCOMPATIBILITY IN CROSSING SOME PINE SPECIES

M. VIDAKOVIĆ

Katedra za šumarsku genetiku i dendrologiju, Šumarski fakultet, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Vidaković, M. (1977): Overcoming the incompatibility in crossing some pine species. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 51-63.

Overcoming interspecific incompatibility was studied in the crossing of the European black and Scots pines. 262 crossing combinations of P. nigra x P. Sylvestris and reciprocal were carried out. On the basis of obtained results it is safe to assume that the combining ability of the parents is an important factor for successful crossing.

Using mentor pollen, which was irradiated with gamma rays of 50 kR, two hybrid plants P. nigra x P. sylvestris were obtained.

To stimulate the pollen tube growth, sugar is added in varied proportions to the incompatible pollen and pollination is undertaken with this mixture. The final result of this method has not yet been ascertained.

The last method applied makes use of irradiated pollen of incompatible species. The pollen is irradiated in small doses from 0.05 to 5 kR. Ten hybrid plants were produced but only when as a female parent one P. nigra tree was used, which has shown good combining ability.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 65-71

Serbia

Original scientific paper

LETHAL EFFECT OF THE GENES FOR TORTUOUS STEM FORM IN THE HYBRIDS OF SALIX MATSUDANA TORTUOSA X S. ALBA

A. KRSTINIĆ

Katedra za šumarsku genetiku i dendrologiju, Šumarski fakultet, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Krstinic, A. (1977): Lethal effect of the genes for tortuous stem form in the hybrids of Salix matsudana tortuosa X S. alba - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 65-71.

Described in the paper is the lethal effect of dominant genes for tortuous stem form in the hybrids of Salix matsudana tortuosa x S. alba.

The progeny of F₁ generation with respect to the stem form is not uniform but it splits into plants of tortuous and straight stems in a ratio of 1 : 1. Through crossing representatives of the F₁ of a straight stem, we always obtain a uniform progeny. When crossing individuals of tortuous and straight stems, and reciprocally, we obtain proportions corresponding to the test crossing of monohybrids. From the crossing of the parents of a tortuous stem we do not obtain proportions of plants in the F₂ generation of the tortuous and straight stems in a ratio 3 : 1, but in a ratio 2 : 1.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 73-83

Serbia

Original scientific paper

EXPERIENCE WITH INBREEDING IN FOREST AND ORNAMENTAL TREES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN YUGOSLAVIA

A. TUCOVIĆ and S. STILINOVIĆ

Šumarski fakultet, 11030 Beograd, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Tucović, A. and Stilinović, S. (1977): Experience with inbreeding in forest and ornamental trees with special reference to the results obtained in Yugoslavia. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 73-83.

In Yugoslavia, in the period 1955-1975, self-fertilization and inbreeding were studied in 14 different tree species. Produced seeds and seedlings were measured and comparative-morphologically analyzed. As the control served the material from free pollination. The aim of this analysis was to find out whether it is possible to grow the inbred offspring, which in further study would undergo hybridization, with heterozis as the possible consequence.

The significance of this method of propagation of forest and ornamental trees was discussed from the standpoint of genetical study, application in breeding work and seed and plant production of forest and ornamental trees (choice of plus trees, seed orchard establishment, etc.).

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 85-94

Serbia

Original scientific paper

THE APPLICATION OF PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE IN RECENT GENETIC RESEARCH

Sibila JELASKA and Z. DEVIDÉ

Prirodoslovno-matematički fakultet i Institut za botaniku Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, 41000 Zagreb, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Jelaska, S. and Deyidé, Z. (1976): The application of plant cell and tissue culture in recent genetic research. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 85-94.

This brief review deals with the possibilities which the technique of plant tissue and cell culture offers to genetic research. The totipotency of the plant cell in culture in vitro, the production of haploid plants, as well as other new ways of genetic investigations which were introduced by the culture of plant protoplasts, are briefly presented including also the results of the authors' own research work.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 95-100

Serbia

Original scientific paper

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF A SEX EFFECT ON THE INDIVIDUAL EAR LOBE PHENOTYPE

Slavica BUKVIĆ

Pedagoška akademija, Titovo Užice, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Bukvić, S. (1976): On the possibility of a sex effect on the individual ear lobe phenotype. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 95-100.

A study of the ear lobe types in a sample of 1315 school children from Titovo Užice (West Serbia) showed a significantly different frequency of attached ear lobe in males (47.46%; q = 0.69) and females (60.15%; q = 0.78).

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 101-108

Serbia

Original scientific paper

THE EFFECT OF HYCANTHONE METHANESULFONATE ON THE FERTILITY AND INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS DURING THE MEIOSIS IN DIRECTLY TREATED AND F₁ MALE MICE

Nada SAVKOVIĆ, Nataša MARIĆ, Jugoslava PEČEVSKI and Dušanka RADIVOJEVIĆ

Department of Radiobiology, »Boris Kidrič« Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinča, 11000 Beograd, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Savković, N., Marić, N., Pečevski, J. and Radivojević, D. (1977): The effect of hycanthone methanesulfonate on the fertility and induction of chromosomal translocations during the meiosis in directly treated and F₁ male mice. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 101-108.

The aim of our investigation was to examine whether hycanthone methanesulfonate (HM) has an effect on fertility and might induce chromosomal translocations at the first meiotic metaphase in directly treated and F₁ male mice. The C₃H strain of mice used in the present experiment were treated with HM each day for eight successive weeks in doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight.

The obtained results show that no chromosomal translocations were found in Diakinesis-Metaphase I of meiosis after chronic treatment of animals with HM. The percentage of fertility could be declared normal.

The F₁ males were also cytogenetically analyzed. The results show that F₁ males could not be identified as heterozygous trans-location carriers.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 109-116

Serbia

Original scientific paper

THE EFFECTS OF 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE ON THE FERTILITY AND INDUCTION OF CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATIONS IN MEIOSIS IN DIRECTLY TREATED AND F₁ MALE MICE

Nataša MARIĆ, Jugoslava PEČEVSKI, Nada SAVKOVIĆ and Dušanka RADIVOJEVIĆ

Institute »Boris Kidrič« Radiobiological Laboratory, 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

Abstract

Marić, N., Pečevski, J., Savković, N. and Radivojević, D. (1977): The effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on the fertility and induction of chromosomal translocations in meiosis in directly treated and F, male mice. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 109-116.

Dose-dependent effects of chronic application of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BUdR) on the reproductive capacity and the induction of chromosomul translocations in directly treated males, and their F₁ males have been examined. C₃H males were tested with 5-BUdR during 8 successive weeks, using doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight. It was shown that 5-BUdR causes high damage of spermatogenesis. 50 mg/kg causes reduction of fertility, while a higher dose induces complete sterility. Our results show that 5-BUdR is toxic to cells of spermatogenesis. Cytological analysis showed no chromosomal rearrangement in the first metaphase stage of meiosis in directly treated and F₁ males.

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Published in „GENETIKA“ Vol. 9, No.1 (1977), pp. 117-128

Serbia

Original scientific paper

PROBLEMS IN HUMAN BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS. PRESENT KNOWLEDGE AND PERSPECTIVES

G.D. EFREMOV

Odeljenje za biohemiju Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Skoplju i Dečja klinika Medicinskog fakulteta u Skoplju, 91000 Skoplje, Jugoslavija

Abstract

Efremov, G. D. (1977): Problems in human biochemical genetics. Present knowledge and perspectives. - Genetika, Vol. 9, No. 1, 117-128.

The aim of this article is to present briefly up-to-date views of some important topics of human biochemical genetics. During the past two decades a great contribution has been made toward the understanding of qualitative and quantitative expression of gene mutation, genetic control of protein synthesis, protein and enzyme polymorphism, the basic defect of a number of inborn errors of metabolism, therapy of some genetic diseases etc. In this article an attempt has been made to review briefly the following topics: qualitative and quantitative expression of gene mutation, protein and enzyme polymorphism, inborn errors of metabolism, current treatment and perspective in the treatment of genetic disorders and antenatal diagnosis of inherited diseases. Most of these topics have been discussed through examples of human hemoglobin, haptoglobin, G-6PD and red cell acid phosphatase variants since these proteins and enzymes have been the author's main interest.

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